MagneticMagic said:
Summary:: Big Bangs Theories
Big Bang singularity can never be solved, so
Could the "big bang" have been an event where a large sum of highly-dense dark energy converted into mass, and in doing the result is like a nuclear explosion?
Could the "big bang" just have been a large sum of matter where the core becomes super dense and at the same time the core surrounded by lots and lots of other matter which is less dense, but then the core gets super small and dense, not a singularity, and then pops pushing everything outward?
One of the TV shows mentions early universe as creating the 1st elements H, He, and Li. Why Li ?
Getting back to the original question.
We don't really know how matter was created.
We do know that the mix of atomic elements in the universe is consistent with
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis which assumes a state when almost all matter is in the state of protons and neutrons and they engage in high energy nuclear reactions shortly after the Big Bang to form atoms, subject to some modest tensions with the proportion of certain Lithium isotypes. This is done by taking known processes in stars and working backward to an initial state.
But we don't really know where the protons and neutrons came from, or where the electrons associated with those protons and neutrons came from, or how we got our initial mix of neutrinos.
The processes are usually called baryogenesis (for protons and neutrons) and leptogenesis (for electrons and neutrinos). The scientific literature about these processes is mostly theoretical and conjectural, since we can't create high enough energies in experiments to recreate the first moments after the Big Bang when we presume that matter was created (because we can rule out that it was created much later than that with the physics that we can test).
See, e.g., "
On the Origin of Matter In the Universe" (Bari 2021) (a 98 page long review of the literature on the subject).
No Standard Model of Particle Physics process links the existing mix of protons, neutrons, electrons and neutrinos to an initial state with no protons or neutrons or electrons and just pure energy. So, either that was not the initial state of the Universe at the Big Bang, or new physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics gave rise to the existing situation, which presumably only come into play at extremely high energies such as those immediately after the Big Bang (a mere fraction of a second in conventional chronologies of the Universe).
In the current era's conditions, where we know that the Standard Model of Particle Physics works, matter and antimatter are always created in equal quantities. But, protons, neutrons and electrons are overwhelmingly matter and not antimatter, and we aren't aware of processes that would tilt the balance in favor of matter and against antimatter in time for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to happen in a matter dominated universe.
