Calculating pH for Strong Acid-Base Titration

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the pH during the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.100 M acetic acid with 0.100 M sodium hydroxide. Key points include the use of the dissociation constant (Ka = 1.7 x 10-5) for acetic acid and the application of the formula pH = -log(concentration of H+). The calculations provided for various titration points reveal significant errors, particularly due to the misunderstanding that acetic acid is a weak acid, not a strong acid, which affects the pH calculations at different volumes of NaOH added.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of acid-base chemistry, specifically weak acids and their dissociation.
  • Familiarity with titration concepts and calculations.
  • Knowledge of the pH scale and logarithmic functions.
  • Ability to perform molarity calculations and conversions between liters and milliliters.
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the principles of weak acid dissociation and how it affects pH calculations.
  • Study the concept of titration curves, particularly for weak acids and strong bases.
  • Learn how to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for buffer solutions.
  • Explore the impact of indicators in acid-base titrations and their pH transition ranges.
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Chemistry students, educators, and laboratory technicians involved in acid-base titration experiments and pH calculations.

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Homework Statement


The problem is as follows:
100.0 ml of 0.100 M acetic acid is placed in a flask and is titrated with 0.100 M sodium hydroxide . An appropriate indicator is used. Ka for acetic acid is 1.7 x 10 -5. Calculate the pH in the flask at the following points in the titration.
a. when no NaOH has been added.
b. after 25.0 ml of NaOH is added
c. after 50.0 ml of NaOH is added
d. after 75.0 ml of NaOH is added
e. after 100.0 ml of NaOH is added

Homework Equations


According to my text:
(Liters of acetic acid solution)X(mol H+/1Liter of solution)=mol H+
(Liters of sodium hydroxide solution)X(mol OH-/1Liter of solution)=mol OH-
(Liters of acetic acid)+(Liters of hydroxide solution)=total Liters
Concentration of H+=(moles H+/total Liters)
pH=-log(concentration of H+ *above*)

The Attempt at a Solution


What I have so far is this, but my pH answers are nowhere near what they should be. What am I missing?
"100.0 ml of 0.100 M acetic acid is placed in a flask and is titrated with 0.100 M sodium hydroxide . An appropriate indicator is used. Ka for acetic acid is 1.7 x 10 -5Calculate the pH in the flask at the following points in the titration."
(0.1L soln)(0.100M H+/1L soln)=1.000 X 10-2
a. "when no NaOH has been added" pH=-log(0.100)=1.000
b. "after 25.0 ml of NaOH is added" (0.025 L soln)(0.100M OH-/1L soln)=2.5 X 10-3 mol OH-
100.0mL+25.0mL=125.0mL=0.125L [H+]=(7.5x10-3)/(0.125L)=6.000X10-2M pH=-log(6.000X10-2M)=1.222

c. "after 50.0 ml of NaOH is added" (0.050L soln)(0.100M H+/1L soln)=5.000 X 10-3 mol OH-
100.0mL+50.0mL=150.0mL=0.150mL [H+]=(5.000 X 10-3)/(0.150L)=3.333 X 10-2 pH=-log(3.333 X 10-2)=1.477

d. "after 75.0 ml of NaOH is added" (0.075 L soln)(0.100M H+/1L soln)=7.5X10-3 mol OH-
100.0mL+75.0mL=175.0mL=0.175L [H+]=(2.5 X 10-3)/(0.175L)=1.429X10-2 pH=-log(1.429X10-2)=1.845

e. "after 100.0 ml of NaOH is added" (0.1L soln)(0.100M H+/1L soln)=1.000 X 10-2 mol OH-
100.0mL+100.0mL=200.0mL=0.200L [H+]=pH=7.0


This is a table similar to that which is shown in my text, where I have filled in my answers.
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)
Before addition 1.000 X 10-2 0 ---------
Addition 25.0 ml 2.5 X 10-3
Addition 50.0 ml 5.000 X 10-3
Addition 75.0 ml 7.5X10-3
Addition100.0 ml 1.000 X 10-2
After Adn25.0 ml 7.5x10-3 0 --------
After Adn 50.0 ml 5.000 X 10-3 0 --------
After Adn 75.0 ml 2.5 X 10-3 0 --------
After And 100.0 ml 0 0 ---------
 
Physics news on Phys.org
One general problem - acetic acid is not a strong acid.

Second general problem - when you add base to the solution it reacts with the acid.

See acid-base titration curve calculation for details, scroll down the page - the most important information you is in the third paragraph from the end.

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