To calculate the population mean in Excel, use the "AVERAGE" function, which sums all values and divides by the total number of entries, in this case, 200. It's crucial to distinguish between the population mean and sample mean, as the latter applies only to a subset of data. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding these statistical concepts for accurate calculations. Additionally, Excel can perform other statistical calculations like variance and standard deviation. Properly utilizing these functions ensures accurate data analysis.