Calculating <ψ(t)|x|ψ(t)> in a Harmonic Oscillator Potential

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion centers around calculating the expectation value of position, <ψ(t)|x|ψ(t)>, for a particle in a harmonic oscillator potential, given a specific quantum state at time t.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the expression for the expectation value and discuss the simplifications involved. There is a focus on the terms arising from the state representation and the operator applied.

Discussion Status

Some participants affirm the original poster's calculations but suggest that a simplification step may have been overlooked. There is also a query regarding the expectation values of position for the states involved.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the expectation values for the ground and first excited states of the harmonic oscillator may be zero, which could influence the outcome of the calculations.

Rococo
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Homework Statement



A particle in a harmonic oscillator potential in the following state after a time t:

## | ψ(t) > = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} [e^{(-iE_0 t/\hbar)} |ψ_0> + e^{(-iE_1 t/\hbar)} |ψ_1> ] ##

I want to write an expression for ## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > ##.

Homework Equations



The answer is meant to be:

## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > = \frac{1}{2} [ <ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_1> e^{-i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar)} + <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_0> e^{-i(E_0 - E_1)t/\hbar)}] ##

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
## <ψ(t)| \hat{x} | ψ(t) > = \int{ψ^{*}(t) \hat{x} ψ(t)}##
## = \int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} [ e^{(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_0 + e^{(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_1}] \hat{x} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}[ e^{-(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ_0 + e^{-(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ_1] ##

## = \int{\frac{1}{2} [ e^{(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_0 \hat{x} e^{-(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ_0 + e^{(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_0 \hat{x} e^{-(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ_1 + e^{(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_1} \hat{x} e^{-(iE_0 t/\hbar)} ψ_0 + e^{(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ^{*}_1} \hat{x} e^{-(iE_1 t/\hbar)} ψ_1 ##

## = \frac{1}{2} [<ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_0 > + e^{-i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar} <ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_1 > + e^{i(E_1 - E_0)t/\hbar} <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_0 > + <ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_1> ]##

This is a different answer than it should be, where am I going wrong?
 
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No, it is correct. You are just missing one step of simplification.
 
Orodruin said:
No, it is correct. You are just missing one step of simplification.

Do you say that ##<ψ_0| \hat{x} | ψ_0 >## and ##<ψ_1| \hat{x} | ψ_1 >## are expectation values of position, which for the simple harmonic oscillator, are zero?
 
I did not say it, I wanted you to do it.
 

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