Calculating Quadrupole Moment from Point Dipoles | Quick Question

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SUMMARY

The calculation of the quadrupole moment from two point dipoles involves treating each dipole as a pair of equal and opposite point charges. The quadrupole moment, Q2, can be derived using the formula Q_{2} = ∑_{k=1}^{N} (q_{k}/2)(3\textbf{x}_{k}\textbf{x}_{k} - r_{k}^{2}\textbf{I}). When the dipoles are oriented 180 degrees from each other, it is essential to consider their physical charge distribution and apply the appropriate limits to transition from physical dipoles to ideal dipoles. This method allows for the accurate calculation of the quadrupole moment in such configurations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of multipole expansions in electrostatics
  • Familiarity with point dipole and quadrupole moment equations
  • Knowledge of vector calculus and tensor notation
  • Basic principles of electrostatics and charge distributions
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  • Study the derivation of multipole expansions in electrostatics
  • Learn about the physical interpretation of quadrupole moments
  • Explore the relationship between dipole and quadrupole moments in charge distributions
  • Investigate numerical methods for calculating multipole moments from discrete charge distributions
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Students and researchers in physics, particularly those focusing on electrostatics, multipole expansions, and charge distributions. This discussion is beneficial for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of quadrupole moments and their calculations from dipole configurations.

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Homework Statement


This isn't directly a homework question, but a response will really help me on my homework.

How does one calculate the quadrupole moment, when given two point dipole moments?
I would know how to proceed had I been given a system of 4 charges, which is essentially the same thing, but I need to know how to make this calculation if we are only given two point dipoles.

So basically, from the equations below, I just need to know how to find at least Q2, when given two point dipoles that are the same, but rotated 180degrees from each other.

Homework Equations


Quadrupoles:
V = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{0}}\left ( \frac{\hat{\textbf{r}}\cdot Q_{2}\cdot \hat{\textbf{r}}}{r^{3}} \right )
Q_{2} = \sum_{k=1}^{N}\frac{q_{k}}{2}\left ( 3\textbf{x}_{k}\textbf{x}_{k} - r_{k}^{2}\textbf{I} \right )

Dipoles:
V = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{0}}\left ( \frac{\hat{\textbf{r}}\cdot \textbf{p}}{r^{2}} \right )
\sum_{k=1}^{N}q_{k}\textbf{x}_{k}

The Attempt at a Solution


I'm just trying to see from the quadrupole equations and the dipole equations if there is a way to write the quadrupole term as a function of dipole terms, but I don't see a way so far.
 
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Gear.0 said:
I'm just trying to see from the quadrupole equations and the dipole equations if there is a way to write the quadrupole term as a function of dipole terms, but I don't see a way so far.

I'm not aware of any formula for directly calculating multipole moments of a distribution of ideal dipoles. Ideal (point) dipoles are very special limiting cases point charge distributions ( two equal and opposite point charges in the limit that the distance between them goes to zero, but the product of the charge <of the positive point charge> and the displacement between the charges remains constant. I would suggest treating each of your dipoles as pairs of equal and opposite point charges separated by some small displacement \textbf{d}_i, calculate the quadrapole moment of this physical charge distribution, and then take the same limit(s) you would to convert your physical dipoles to ideal ones.
 

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