To calculate the tension of a piano string, the mass, length, and fundamental frequency are essential parameters. The mass of the string is 3.5 grams, its length is 75 cm, and it vibrates at a fundamental frequency of 469 Hz. The relevant equation for wave properties on a string is λ = 2L/n, where λ is the wavelength and L is the length of the string. To find the tension, one can use the formula T = (4 * m * f^2 * L), where T is tension, m is mass per unit length, and f is frequency. Understanding these relationships is crucial for solving the problem effectively.