How Does Changing String Density Affect Piano Sound Frequency?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the effects of changing the density of a piano string on its sound frequency, specifically focusing on the fundamental frequency, tension, and harmonics. The original poster presents a problem involving a piano string with specified mass and length, and poses questions about tension, frequency changes upon altering density, and the highest harmonic audible to a listener.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to calculate the tension of the string and the new fundamental frequency after doubling the density. They also explore the highest harmonic audible based on given parameters. Some participants question the rounding method used for the harmonic number.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants providing feedback on the calculations and reasoning presented. There is a focus on ensuring the correctness of the approach taken by the original poster, particularly regarding the harmonic number.

Contextual Notes

Participants are working within the constraints of the problem as stated, including assumptions about string length and density changes. The original poster's calculations are based on provided equations and parameters without additional context or external references.

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Homework Statement


The fundamental frequency of a piano string with mass of 7g and length 80cm is 261.63Hz.

What is the tension on the string?
If we coil the string duplicating its density(without changing length I presume), what is its new fundamental frequency?
If 16000Hz is the highest frequency audible to a listener, what is the highest harmonic he can hear?

Homework Equations



Wavelength of the nth harmonic: \lambda\ = 2L/n
v=\lambda\nu
v = sqrt(T/\rho)

The Attempt at a Solution



The fundamental wavelength is just twice the length of the string, so 160cm.
The given linear mass density is 7/80 g/cm.
using v/160 = \nu and v = sqrt(T/\rho)
I get a phase velocity of 418.6 m/s and solving for the tension I get 1533 N.

Duplicating the density of the string while keeping the tension the same gives me a slower phase velocity of 295.97m/s, is this correct? Sounds reasonable from what I know from instrument strings but I'm just making sure.

The new fundamental frequency should be at the new velocity/2L, so 295.97/1.6 = 184.88Hz.

For the last part, I keep the phase velocity the same (295.97m/s) and set it equal to lamda*nu. I know the wavelength of the nth harmonic is 2L/n, so I substitute that and nu = 16000Hz as its given, then I attempt to solve for n which gives me 86.49, so if I round up I would say the 87th harmonic is the highest one that the listener can hear. Did I do this step correctly?
 
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Assuming that by "duplicating" you mean "doubling," then yes, that makes sense. But how do you justify rounding the harmonic number up instead of down?
 
Thanks for the reply. Yes I meant doubling and 86th harmonic. I'm mainly concerned about the last bit, is it right?
 
It seems like you did it the right way.
 

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