Calculating Velocity & Acceleration of the Moon

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The discussion focuses on calculating the velocity and acceleration of the Moon relative to Earth, using the provided equations and parameters. The user has successfully determined the magnitude of average acceleration for two time intervals but struggles with calculating the correct direction. They initially applied the equations for acceleration components but received an incorrect angle for part (a). Suggestions from others emphasize the need to correctly apply the inverse tangent function for determining direction. The conversation highlights the importance of accurately interpreting the formulas to solve the problem effectively.
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Homework Statement



The velocity of the Moon relative to the center of the Earth can be approximated by varrowbold(t) = v [−sin (ωt) xhatbold + cos (ωt) yhatbold], where v = 945 m/s and ω = 2.46 multiplied by 10−6 radians/s. (The time required for the Moon to complete one orbit is 29.5 days.) To approximate the instantaneous acceleration of the Moon at t = 0, calculate the magnitude and direction of the average acceleration during the following two time intervals.

(a) between t = 0 and t = 0.400 days
______ m/s
______ degrees (counterclockwise from the +x axis)

(b) between t = 0 and t = 0.0040 days
_____ m/s
_____ degrees (counterclockwise from the +x axis)



Homework Equations


aav = delta v / delta t
ax = delta vx / delta t
ay = delta vy / delta t
magnitude = sqroot (ay^2 + ax^2)
theta = tan-1 (ay / ax)



The Attempt at a Solution



I got the magnitudes of both at 0.00233 m/s. I am having trouble finding the directions though.

I just used ax = delta vx / delta t and ay = delta vy / delta t to find the values of ax and ay, then I subbed these numbers into this eqn: magnitude = sqroot (ay^2 + ax^2). My answer for the direction in part (a) was 2.43558 degrees... which is wrong. Can anyone think of a better way to do this problem?
 
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Why did you calculate acceleration? You're supposed to calculate velocity. Theta would be the inverse tan of Vy/Vx.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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