Calculus by Spivak Trichotomy Law

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the Trichotomy law as presented in Spivak's calculus text, specifically addressing the definitions and implications of the law concerning the classification of numbers into positive, negative, or zero. Participants explore the nuances of the law and its interpretation, including its application to various types of numbers, such as real numbers and potentially complex numbers.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how a negative number can be in the set of positive numbers, P, as defined in the text.
  • Another participant suggests that if -a is positive, then there are no restrictions on a.
  • A further contribution notes that for a specific example, if a = -2, then -(-2) would be in P, raising questions about the implications for negative numbers.
  • One participant introduces the idea of complex numbers or quaternions, questioning the applicability of the Trichotomy law to these types of numbers.
  • A participant expresses confusion about the uniqueness of the properties stated in the law, suggesting that it implies all numbers could be classified as positive.
  • Another participant clarifies that the law states only one of the properties can be true for each number, providing examples with specific numbers to illustrate this point.
  • A later reply acknowledges the clarification and asks whether the law of trichotomy is typically stated in this manner.
  • One participant claims to have seen similar statements of the law elsewhere, though not necessarily under the same name.
  • Another participant argues that the interpretation of the negative sign should be reconsidered, emphasizing the distinction between "negative" and "minus" in mathematical terms.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing interpretations of the Trichotomy law and its implications, with some agreeing on the uniqueness of the properties while others question the clarity and conventionality of the law's presentation. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the broader applicability of the law to various types of numbers.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the definitions of positive and negative numbers, particularly in relation to complex numbers and quaternions, which are not fully addressed. Additionally, the interpretation of the negative sign and its implications for classification is debated without reaching a consensus.

Bashyboy
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In the third edition, on page 9, I am reading about the Trichotomy law.

It says, for every number a, one and only one of the following properties holds

(i) a = 0
(ii) a is in the collection P,
(iii) -a is in the collection

Before stating this, though, the author said that P is the collection of all positive numbers (set of positive numbers). If P is the set of positive numbers, how can negative a be in P?
 
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What if -a is positive ? As I can see, there's no restriction on a.
 
Oh, so, for instance, if a = - 2, then -(-2) would be part of the set P.
 
what if a was a complex number or a quaternion?
 
This still seems odd to me. One of the following three properties will always be met, meaning that all numbers are in the set of positive numbers, P. Why is this description of the law of trichotomy so different from others I have seen?
 
Bashy, it says that for each number, only one of those is true. It does not say that for each number, if one is true then the number is in P.

For the number 2:
Either 2=0 (nope), 2 is in P (yup) or -2 is in P (nope).
For -2:
-2=0(nope), -2 is in P (nope) or -(-2) is in P (yup).

So we see that even though the property is satisfied for both -2 and 2, in both cases it's only saying that 2 is positive, and not -2.
 
Ah, I see. Thank you very much. One more question, would you agree that the law of trichotomy is not generally stated in this way?
 
No, I have seen it stated that way (word for word basically) in several other places, though I don't know if it was explicitly called the law of trichotomy.
 
you are making the mistake of reading the sign - as "negative" rather than minus. a number is negative if it is less than zero. but minus a number is negative or positive if and only if the original number is respectively positive or negative. Thus: do not read "-" as "negative", but as 'minus". Unfortunately I will never live long enough to make this point.
 

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