Can Geodesics Cross in General Relativity?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the behavior of geodesics in general relativity, particularly in relation to the focusing theorem and the possibility of geodesics crossing. Participants explore theoretical implications and examples, questioning the assumptions underlying the theorem.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion regarding the implications of geodesics crossing in the context of the focusing theorem.
  • Another participant suggests that multiple geodesics can exist between two events, using the example of an object dropped through a planet intersecting the path of an orbiting object.
  • A participant asserts that geodesics can cross and questions if the original poster is asking about geodesics crossing multiple times, indicating that this depends on the geometry involved.
  • It is noted that geodesics on a sphere cross at multiple points.
  • One participant acknowledges that while geodesics can cross, there are congruences of geodesics that do not cross, and mentions the focusing theorem's implication that some geodesics will cross due to gravitational attraction.
  • A reference is made to a similar principle regarding black hole event horizons and their area not decreasing.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether geodesics can cross, with some asserting that they can while others emphasize the conditions under which they do not. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of these crossings in relation to the focusing theorem.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of geodesic behavior in different geometrical contexts and the assumptions underlying the focusing theorem. There are unresolved questions about the specific conditions that lead to geodesics crossing or not crossing.

mtak0114
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Hi,

I am currently doing a course in GR and have just gone over a proof of the focusing theorem..
now this relied on the fact that geodesics do not cross. But I could not see clearly the contradiction if geodesics did happen to cross?

any help would be greatly appreciated.

Maki :smile:
 
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I don't know the focusing theorem, but there can definitely be more than one geodesic between the same two events. A simple example is if you drill a hole through a planet with no atmosphere, along the rotational axis, and drop something into it. The path of the object can intersect the path of something in orbit on both sides of the planet.
 
? Yes, of course, geodesics cross. At any point you can have geodesics in every direction. Surely there is more to this question? Are you asking if geodesics can cross twice? That would depend on the geometry.
 
Consider geodesics on a sphere, they all cross twice.
 
Geodesics can cross, since at any point there is a different geodesic in each direction. However, for a given region in spacetime, one can choose a bunch of non-crossing geodesic wordlines (congruence of geodesics) that are all headed into the future. The focusing theorem says that under certain circumstances, at least some of these geodesics are going to cross anyway, because gravity is attractive.
 
mtak0114 said:
have just gone over a proof of the focusing theorem..
now this relied on the fact that geodesics do not cross.
There is something similar in the proof that the area of black hole event horizons never decreases.
 

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