Combining Hamiltonians for a Two-Particle System

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the correct formulation of the Hamiltonian for a two-particle system in quantum mechanics. The combined Hamiltonian should be expressed as the sum of the individual Hamiltonians, represented as \(\hat{H}_{combined} = \hat{H}_1 + \hat{H}_2\), rather than the tensor product \(\hat{H}_{combined} = \hat{H} \otimes \hat{H}\). The wavefunction for the two-particle system can be represented as a product of individual wavefunctions, \(\psi_{combined} = \psi_1 \otimes \psi_2\), or as a linear combination of such products with arbitrary coefficients. This distinction is crucial for accurately describing the energy and state of the system.

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Quantum physicists, students of quantum mechanics, and researchers working on multi-particle systems will benefit from this discussion.

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If I have two particles, each represented by an identical Hamiltonian, [tex]\hat{H}[/tex] and I want to find a wavefunction representing the two particle system, how do I do this? I've tried to create a combined Hamiltonian and find its eigenvectors like this:

[tex]\hat{H}_{combined}=\hat{H}\otimes\hat{H}[/tex]
[tex]\hat{H}_{combined}\psi=E_{n}\psi[/tex]

Note- the multiplication of the Hamiltonians is the tensor or kronecker product. I don't know if this is correct however. Could someone correct me if this is incorrect?

Many thanks.
 
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The hamiltonian should be the sum of the two hamiltonians, not the product, because the energy of the two-particle system is the sum of the energies of each particle, not the product.

The wave function can be taken to be just a product of individual wave functions, or more generally a sum of such products with arbitrary coefficients.
 
So it should be equivalent to do either of these:

[tex]H_{combined}=H_{1}+H_{2}[/tex]
[tex]H_{combined}\psi_{combined}=E_{n}\psi_{combined}[/tex]

or

[tex]\psi_{combined}=\psi_{1}\otimes\psi_{2}[/tex]
 

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