Compression and tension in materials can be described using Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is proportional to its displacement. The formula for tension (T) is T = kx, where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position. For compression, the same formula applies, as the material behaves elastically within its limits. Understanding these formulas is crucial for applications in engineering and physics. Hooke's Law provides a foundational principle for analyzing elastic behavior in materials.