Constrained motion with movable pulley

In summary: The Attempt at a SolutionIf we look closely, the, lower end of string is FIXED to the pulley A, and hence, it should have zero acceleration. Indirectly, the differentiation of lower end of string must be 0, which is possible only if the lower string is of constant length, which is obviously wrong, as the pulley rolls over it when pulled, and hence it is not constant. An object can have zero acceleration and still change it's length (or anything you like about it's shape). However, if we try to use this here, the acceleration of upper string =$$a_m$$, as thy are directly connected, but as the other end is fixed, it should
  • #1
cr7einstein
87
2

Homework Statement



In this, if I want the acceleration constraint between M and 2M, I write $$AM+2AB$$=LENGTH OF STRING, which on differentiating twice gives $$a_{m}=2a_{2m}$$(which turns out to be correct). However, if we look closely, the, lower end of string is FIXED to the pulley A, and hence, it should have zero acceleration. Indirectly, the differentiation of lower end of string must be $$0$$, which is possible only if the lower string is of constant length, which is obviously wrong, as the pulley rolls over it when pulled, and hence it is not constant. Now, the arithmetic mean of accelerations of 2 ends of a string on a pulley(signs included) gives the acceleration of the opposite end( a trivial result form constrained motion). If I try to use this here, the acceleration of upper string =$$a_m$$, as thy are directly connected, but as the other end is fixed, it should have a zero acceleration, and thus $$a_{2m}=(a_{m}+0)/2$$ , which again gives the same result. Now, the problem is, if the acceleration of this end is zero, it would mean that the displacement is zero ( because the same relation as the displacements exists between accelerations and velocities). However, when we pull the string, the pulley sort of 'rolls over' the lower string, so the length of string is NOT the same as the earlier length, as even though one end is fixed, the increase in length of other side must lead to a decrease on the other side. Hence, the length cannot be constant, so why must the acceleration be zero? I know it has to be, because one end is fixed, but then, when we derive constraint equations, we differentiate all the lengths which are variable. The only problem is, according to 'common sense', the acceleration must be zero, but as it turns out, the length is variable, and hence it should be nonzero. Obviously, I am missing something, can someone point out what exactly??

Thanks in advance!

Homework Equations


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The Attempt at a Solution

 
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  • #2
However, if we look closely, the, lower end of string is FIXED to the pulley A, and hence, it should have zero acceleration. Indirectly, the differentiation of lower end of string must be
0
, which is possible only if the lower string is of constant length, which is obviously wrong, as the pulley rolls over it when pulled, and hence it is not constant.

An object can have zero acceleration and still change it's length (or anything you like about it's shape).
Be careful with your definitions though - you have tried to apply rigid-body reasoning to a non-rigid body (the string).
i.e. if the acceleration of the lower portion of the string is the rate of change of position of it's center of mass, then the acceleration won't be zero. Also take care you don't confuse zero acceleration with being stationary.

The rest has similar reasoning issues - rewrite it being more careful and see if you don't resolve much of your problem.
 
  • #3
So are my methods of deriving constraint equations correct?(both-the AM way and the differentiation)? Can you suggest a more rigorous and instructive approach please?
 
  • #4
I didn't bother analysing that far - no point.
 
  • #5
No that's okay but is my method correct? Because it kind of raised plenty of doubts for me..
 
  • #6
No.. it is not correct.
I cannot help you if you will not take advise.
 
  • #7
No I am ready to accept your advice, what exactly would you advise if I asked you to derive the constraint equations for the given system?
 

FAQ: Constrained motion with movable pulley

1. What is a movable pulley?

A movable pulley is a type of pulley that is attached to a support structure by a freely moving axle. This allows the pulley to move along the support structure, changing the direction of the force being applied.

2. How does a movable pulley work?

A movable pulley works by changing the direction of the force being applied to an object. As the pulley moves along the support structure, the force is redirected, allowing for easier lifting or movement of the object.

3. What is the difference between a movable pulley and a fixed pulley?

The main difference between a movable pulley and a fixed pulley is that a movable pulley can change the direction of the force being applied, while a fixed pulley only changes the direction of the force without any movement of the pulley itself.

4. What are some examples of constrained motion with movable pulleys?

Some examples of constrained motion with movable pulleys include lifting heavy objects, hoisting sails on a sailboat, and using a crane to move materials on a construction site.

5. What are the advantages of using a movable pulley?

The main advantage of using a movable pulley is that it reduces the amount of force needed to lift or move an object. This can make tasks easier and more efficient, especially when dealing with heavy objects.

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