- #1
nuiluidwde
- 11
- 0
Hi,
If a cyclotron is being used to accelerate particles, it is obviously ideal to have bare nuclei as this will substantially increase the rotational frequency, and thus the velocity and particle energies.
It can be shown from the formula [itex]f=\frac{B q}{2 \pi m}[/itex] that the frequency increases linearly with charge (ignoring the mass of the electrons). For example, if various ions of boron are being accelerated in a certain cyclotron, and B+ has a frequency of 2 MHz, then B2+ will have f of 4 MHz, and bare boron, B5+, will have f of 10 MHz. In this case, could a 10 MHz RF field be used for all these ions at the same time, as long as the dees are sufficiently close that less ionised particles won't be affected by the electric field switching whilst they are outside of the dees?
Also, will the ions become more ionised as they are accelerated, so that all the particles are eventually stripeed of all their electrons? If so, could the free electrons be removed by grounding the dees?
Lastly, roughly how efficient could you make this cyclotron in converting input power into kinetic energy, using a permanent magnet to reduce the energy requirements? Would an electromagnet severely reduce the efficiency, even though it isn't actually transferring energy to the particles?
Thanks
If a cyclotron is being used to accelerate particles, it is obviously ideal to have bare nuclei as this will substantially increase the rotational frequency, and thus the velocity and particle energies.
It can be shown from the formula [itex]f=\frac{B q}{2 \pi m}[/itex] that the frequency increases linearly with charge (ignoring the mass of the electrons). For example, if various ions of boron are being accelerated in a certain cyclotron, and B+ has a frequency of 2 MHz, then B2+ will have f of 4 MHz, and bare boron, B5+, will have f of 10 MHz. In this case, could a 10 MHz RF field be used for all these ions at the same time, as long as the dees are sufficiently close that less ionised particles won't be affected by the electric field switching whilst they are outside of the dees?
Also, will the ions become more ionised as they are accelerated, so that all the particles are eventually stripeed of all their electrons? If so, could the free electrons be removed by grounding the dees?
Lastly, roughly how efficient could you make this cyclotron in converting input power into kinetic energy, using a permanent magnet to reduce the energy requirements? Would an electromagnet severely reduce the efficiency, even though it isn't actually transferring energy to the particles?
Thanks