Cylindrical shells to find volume.

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Beamsbox
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Homework Statement



Funky, all the surrounding exercises are quite easy, so I assume this is too... my brain's just not catching it...

Use cylindrical shells to find the volume of the shape formed by rotating the following around the y-axis.

The (x,y) graph before rotation: use the area enclosed by the y-axis, y=x, and y=(4-x2)1/2.

The final shape resembles a top, like a spinny gyro-like top. ;)

Homework Equations



V = (the integral) from [a:b], [2(pi)(x)(f(x)-g(x))] dx

(damn that's easier to see written out...)

The Attempt at a Solution



Okay, I'm sure I have the correct function to start with:

V = (the integral) from [0:21/2], [2(pi)(x)(4-x2)1/2 - x] dx


(This sq. root is what's screwing me up! along with the fact that you have to distribute the x into it before integrating...)

I've tried to work through it multiple ways, here's one:

Distribute the X because I don't know any product rules at the moment.

V = 2(pi)(the integral) from [0:21/2], [[(x)(4-x2)1/2] - x2] dx

(4-x2 = (2-x)(2+x)) so,

V = 2(pi)(the integral) from [0:21/2], [[(x)((2-x)(2+x))1/2] - x2] dx

... basically lost either way... no reason to continue...

Anyone see the simple way that I'm not?

Thx.
B~
 
Last edited:
Use a u-substitution: let u = 4 - x2 in the first term of your integral.
 
I've tried that... and it eventually seems to make things worse (when you get around to distributing the x, converted to a 'u' term, into the new radical...), please see my third attachment for my attempt at trying to make that work.

I've atached three different attempts, sorry if they're difficult to read/see... could you please point out where I'm going wrong?

Attempt #1
Handwritten calculus notes on lined paper: a region under y = sqrt(1 - x^2) and the line y = x, rotated to form a solid; cylindrical shell setup with V = integral from 0 to 2 of 2 pi x f(x) dx, then the integral of 2 pi x(sqrt(1 - x^2) - x) dx, followed by rewritten steps.


Attempt #2
Handwritten calculus working on lined paper, using the cylindrical shell method with integrals of 2πx times a square root of (4 minus x squared) and substitutions u = 4 minus x squared, with several crossed-out attempts.


Attempt #3
Handwritten calculus derivation using substitution u = 4 - x^2, with the integral 2π∫ x(√(4-x²) - x) dx rewritten in u as 2π∫ (√(4-u) - (√u)(√u))... through successive steps to 2π∫ from 4 to 8 of [√(4-u)√u + u - 4] du.
 
For an integral like

[tex]\int x\sqrt{4-x^2}\, dx[/tex]

Let u = 4-x2, du = -2x dx

and you get

[tex]-\frac 1 2 \int u^{\frac 1 2}\,du[/tex]

You don't need a u-substitution on the other term in that integral.
 
Thanks much... I remember doing 'different' u-substitutions like that... almost a decade ago... I think I can go from there.

Once more, thanks for your help!