d-orbital self split or proton split d-orbitals?

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D-orbitals do not split themselves in the absence of ligands due to the nature of electron interactions and the influence of external electric fields. The concept of d-orbital splitting is primarily attributed to the presence of ligands, which create an electric field that interacts with the d-orbitals, leading to energy differences among them. The discussion highlights that while electrons are indistinguishable, it is the spatial arrangement and the presence of ligands that cause the splitting, not the inherent properties of the d-orbitals themselves. The role of protons from ligands is also questioned, with the consensus leaning towards the idea that it is the lone pairs of electrons from ligands that primarily influence the d-orbital splitting energy. References to support these points can be found in advanced inorganic chemistry textbooks and scholarly articles on crystal field theory and ligand field theory.
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why don't d-orbitals split themselves, why does it take a ligand? why can't proton split d-orbital?
why don't d-orbitals split themselves because of themselves without the presence of ligands? Electrons are indistinguishable. Why wouldn't it be more correct that protons from a ligand split the d-orbitals rather than the lone-pairs cause d-orbital splitting energy?
 
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adf89812 said:
why don't d-orbitals split themselves because of themselves without the presence of ligands? Electrons are indistinguishable. Why wouldn't it be more correct that protons from a ligand split the d-orbitals rather than the lone-pairs cause d-orbital splitting energy?
Do you have a reference for where you are getting all this from?
 

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