Deflection of magnetic dipoles by a magnetic field

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the deflection of magnetic dipoles in a non-uniform magnetic field, specifically referencing the Stern–Gerlach experiment. It is established that a magnetic dipole experiences a net attractive force when subjected to a non-uniform magnetic field due to the differential strength of attraction and repulsion on its poles. The North Pole of the dipole is repelled while the South Pole is attracted, resulting in a net force towards the stronger field. The analogy of gravitational tidal forces is suggested as a helpful visualization for understanding this phenomenon.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of magnetic dipoles and their behavior in magnetic fields
  • Familiarity with the Stern–Gerlach experiment and its implications
  • Knowledge of non-uniform magnetic fields and their effects on particles
  • Basic concepts of gravitational tidal forces for analogy
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mathematical formulation of forces on magnetic dipoles in non-uniform fields
  • Study the principles of the Stern–Gerlach experiment in detail
  • Explore the concept of magnetic field lines and their implications for particle motion
  • Investigate the analogy between gravitational tidal forces and magnetic field effects
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, students studying electromagnetism, and anyone interested in the behavior of magnetic dipoles in varying magnetic fields.

snoopies622
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I'm reading about the Stern–Gerlach experiment and the only part that confuses me is how a magnetic field would deflect particles with magnetic dipoles instead of just rotating them. In this case the magnetic field is non-uniform, but it still seems intuitively strange to me since magnetic field lines around the particles are always closed, and so I imagine that any magnetic field would have a kind of translational net zero effect on them. Would this translational force also appear if I tossed a macroscopic bar magnet through a non-linear magnetic field? (Say, one that always pointed in the same direction but increased in strength in a spacially linear way.)
 
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snoopies622 said:
I'm reading about the Stern–Gerlach experiment and the only part that confuses me is how a magnetic field would deflect particles with magnetic dipoles instead of just rotating them.
Suppose you are near the North Pole of your external non-uniform field. In that case your dipole’s North Pole will be repelled and the dipole’s South Pole will be attracted. However, since the South Pole will be closer to the external magnet the field there will be stronger than at the dipole’s North Pole, so the attraction of the South Pole will be stronger than the repulsion of the North Pole and you will have a net attractive force.
 
Thanks, Dale. It makes sense analytically but I guess I'll have to do some imagining and drawing pictures for it to work for me intuitively. I'm finding that thinking of gravitational tidal forces is a helpful analogy.
 

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