Density of transformed random variables

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the transformation of random variables using the Jacobian determinant to find the density of transformed variables, specifically in the context of a joint probability density function (pdf) f(x,y) = e^(-x-y) for x>0, y>0. The solution involves defining new variables U and V, where U = e^(-x-y) and V = X, leading to the joint pdf g(u,v) and the marginal density fu(u) through integration. The participants explore the implications of different choices for V and the necessity of invertible transformations in this context, emphasizing the importance of the change of variables theorem in probability theory.

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  • Understanding of joint probability density functions (pdfs)
  • Familiarity with the Jacobian determinant and its role in transformations
  • Knowledge of the change of variables theorem in probability
  • Basic concepts of vector calculus as applied to probability distributions
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  • Study the application of the Jacobian determinant in probability transformations
  • Learn about the change of variables theorem in the context of probability distributions
  • Explore the derivation of cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) from probability density functions (pdfs)
  • Investigate the properties of invertible transformations in probability theory
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Actuarial students, statisticians, and mathematicians interested in the transformation of random variables and the application of the Jacobian determinant in probability theory.

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I'm studying for the probability actuarial exam and I came across a problem involving transformations of random variable and use of the Jacobian determinant to find the density of transformed random variable, and I was confused about the general method of finding these new densities. I know the Jacobian matrix is important in the change of variable theorem, but I am having trouble connecting the vector calculus concepts with probability distributions.

Let X, Y have a joint pdf of f(x,y) = e^(-x-y), x>0, y>0. Find the density of U = e^(-x-y).
Solution: The solution creates a new variable V=X=h(u,v), and let's Y= -lnU-V = k(U,V), and finds a new joint pdf g(u,v)=f(V,-lnu-v)*J[h,k] = 1,where J[h,k] is the Jacobian determinant of h, and k. Then, fu(u) = integral(0,-ln u) g(u,v)dv = -ln U, as 0<V<-ln U.

*I am confused why we let V = X...I figure we can we also let V = Y from symmetry and get the same result, but can we let V = 2X, or V= X^2, or V=r(X),r arbitrary function(would r need special properties such as being injective, or bijective?), when computing the density fu. Do

How can we map (x,y) to (u,v)? From my limited understanding, by creating a new variable V, we are mapping the region of positive R^2 to some other region containing of which (u,v) come from. Can anything be said about these regions? Am I missing some fundamental assumptions? How does this relate to the change of variables theorem and its application in finding fu? I am interested in the vector analysis of this problem. Is it possible that there are several mappings with varying probability spaces of (u,v) and varying g(u,v)'s, and integral(limits of v) g(u,v)dv = fu(u), the one distinct density of U (this is what's is what seems strange and fuzzy to me)?

I apologize if any of my questions are not clear. If this is the case, try to clarify the stuff near *.
 
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Well yes you could use any invertible transformation you like as long as you're careful to define the domain and range and inverse transformation.

Personally I prefer to avoid densities wherever possible and find the CDF instead. For this example it's not hard to show that P[U<=u]=u(1-log(u)) for 0<=u<=1, then differentiate to get the pdf if you must.
 

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