Discover the Chemistry of Making Molecules to Benzyl Peroxide and More

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the methods chemists use to synthesize molecules, specifically focusing on benzyl peroxide and similar commercial products. It includes aspects of small-scale synthesis, the role of chemical engineers in large-scale production, and techniques for determining chemical formulas.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants explain that chemists typically mix naturally found crude chemicals and allow them to react, relying on their knowledge of organic reactions and intuition.
  • Others describe the transition from small-scale synthesis to large-scale production, noting that chemical engineers are involved in constructing suitable chemical plants.
  • A participant inquires about the specific method for making a 2.5 percent solution of benzyl peroxide.
  • Concerns are raised about the safety of using benzyl peroxide on skin, suggesting caution in its application.
  • One participant discusses the sequential reaction of basic molecules, emphasizing the importance of reaction order and conditions, as well as the need for purification of the final product.
  • Another participant asks how the chemical formula for benzyl peroxide is determined.
  • It is suggested that experimental methods, including mass spectrometry and spectroscopy, are used to ascertain chemical formulas.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present various viewpoints on the synthesis of benzyl peroxide and related compounds, with no consensus reached on specific methods or safety concerns regarding its use.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve the specifics of the synthesis process or the safety implications of using benzyl peroxide on skin, leaving these areas open to further exploration.

PrudensOptimus
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Hello :D


How do chemists make molecules such as those in commercial products id est benzyl peroxide?



-Thanks!
 
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Generally, to make commercial chemicals in small quantities, chemists mix naturally found crude chemicals (chosen wisely) in their labs, and let the mixure react. The crude chemicals are chosen based on the hundreds of (mostly organic) reactions they have learned and on their intution of how these molecules behave in various environments.

To make large-scale amounts of chemicals used in commercial products, the chemists report their recipe to chemical and mechanical engineers who then construct chemical plants better suited for large-scale production.
 
So how do you make in small quantities:

(1). 2.5 percent Benzyl Peroxide?
 
I hope you're not trying to make it and put it on your face!
 
One day if I'm good enough I might test it on someone who has acnes :smile:


But seriously, how do chemists do it.
 
They start with several "basic" molecules that have various regions on them that they can modify (i.e. double bonds, triple bonds, functional groups) and then they sequentially react those basic compounds together to make more complicated structures (the proper order of reactions is crucial, as well as the conditions such as pH, water content, etc.). Most reactions are not 100% perfect (and do not go to 100% completion, there's an equilibrium to some extent) and so chemists must also screen and separate the final product to increase its purity.
 
How do they determine the chemical formula for Benzyl Peroxide?
 
From the name?

Experimentally there are many methods for finding chemical formulae. Some of the more advanced technical methods involve using mass spectrometers to analyse the proportions of molecule fragments, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and other spectroscopic analysis techniques, X-Ray Crystallography, chromatography.
 

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