Distance of closest approach of particles

In summary, two particles, a proton and an alpha particle, are fired towards each other with an initial speed of 0.01c. Using the conservation of energy and momentum, the distance of closest approach between their centers can be calculated to be approximately -1.92 * 10^-18 meters.
  • #1
KillerZ
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Homework Statement



A proton (q = 1e, m = 1u) and an alpha particle (q = +2e, m = 4u) are fired directly toward each other from far away, with an initial speed of 0.01c. What is their distance of closest approach, as measured between their centers? (Hint: There are two conserved quantities. Make use of both.)


Homework Equations



[tex] K_i + U_i = K_f + U_f [/tex]

[tex]m_1v_{1i} + m_2v_{2i} = m_1v_{1f} + m_2v_{2f}[/tex]


The Attempt at a Solution



How does this look?

[tex]e = 1.60 * 10^{-19} C[/tex]
[tex]c = 3.00 * 10^8 m/s[/tex]
[tex]u = 1.661 * 10^{-27} kg[/tex]

[tex]m_1v_{1i} + m_2v_{2i} = m_1v_{1f} + m_2v_{2f}[/tex]
[tex](4u)(3 * 10^8 m/s) - (u)(3 * 10^8 m/s) = (4u + u)v_{f}[/tex]

[tex]v_{f} = \frac{(4u)(3 * 10^8 m/s) - (u)(3 * 10^8 m/s)}{(4u + u)}[/tex]
[tex]v_{f} = 1.80 * 10^8 m/s[/tex]

[tex]\frac{1}{2}(m_{1}+m_{2})v_{f}^{2} + \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}(\frac{q1q2}{\infty}) = \frac{1}{2}(m_{1}+m_{2})v_{i}^{2} + \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}(\frac{q1q2}{r})[/tex]

[tex]\frac{1}{2}(4u + u)(1.80*10^8 m/s)^{2} = \frac{1}{2}(4u + u)(3.00*10^8 m/s)^{2} + \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}(\frac{2(1.60*10^{-19} C)(1.60*10^{-19} C)}{r})[/tex]

[tex]4\pi\epsilon_0(\frac{1}{2}(4u + u)(1.80*10^8 m/s)^{2} - \frac{1}{2}(4u + u)(3.00*10^8 m/s)^{2}) = (\frac{2(1.60*10^{-19} C)(1.60*10^{-19} C)}{r})[/tex]

[tex]r= \frac{2(1.60*10^{-19} C)(1.60*10^{-19} C)}{4\pi\epsilon_0(\frac{1}{2}(4u + u)(1.80*10^8 m/s)^{2} - \frac{1}{2}(4u + u)(3.00*10^8 m/s)^{2})}[/tex]

[tex]r = -1.92 * 10^{-18} m[/tex]
 
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  • #2
This might sound stupid (I am tired...) but, did not the problem state that the initial speed was 0.01c? As far as I can see, you used c as initial speed.
 
  • #3
Use K.E. lost =P.E. gained.Consider the electrical P.E. only since the gravitational P.E.can be considerd as negligible.Also,the question is phrased in such a way that you can take the original separation to be infinite.
 

FAQ: Distance of closest approach of particles

1. What is the distance of closest approach of particles?

The distance of closest approach of particles, also known as the impact parameter, is the shortest distance between the paths of two particles that are moving towards each other. It is measured at the moment of closest approach and is an important parameter in understanding the interactions between particles.

2. How is the distance of closest approach calculated?

The distance of closest approach is calculated using the Coulomb's law and the conservation of energy and momentum. It takes into account the charges and masses of the particles, as well as their initial velocities and the angle of approach.

3. What factors affect the distance of closest approach?

The distance of closest approach is affected by the charges and masses of the particles, their initial velocities, and the angle of approach. Additionally, any external forces or fields present can also affect the distance of closest approach.

4. Why is the distance of closest approach important in particle interactions?

The distance of closest approach is important in particle interactions because it helps determine the strength and type of interaction between particles. It also provides information about the trajectories and final states of the particles after the interaction.

5. Can the distance of closest approach be manipulated?

Yes, the distance of closest approach can be manipulated by changing the initial conditions of the particles, such as their velocities and angles of approach. Additionally, external forces or fields can also be used to manipulate the distance of closest approach in certain systems.

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