Do alkenes only form carbocations while carbonyl groups only form carbanions?

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SUMMARY

Alkenes do not exclusively form carbocations; rather, carbonyl groups exhibit significant carbocation character, allowing them to be attacked by nucleophiles. The discussion clarifies that carbonyl carbons do not form carbanions, contradicting the initial assumption. Additionally, it emphasizes the distinction between homolytic and heterolytic cleavage, where the former results in neutral molecules and the latter produces charged species. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping organic reaction mechanisms.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms
  • Familiarity with carbocations and carbanions
  • Knowledge of nucleophilic attack in organic reactions
  • Concept of homolytic versus heterolytic cleavage
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mechanisms of nucleophilic attack on carbonyl compounds
  • Learn about the stability and reactivity of carbocations
  • Explore the implications of homolytic and heterolytic cleavage in organic reactions
  • Investigate the formation of amides and carboxylic acids from carbonyl compounds
USEFUL FOR

Students of organic chemistry, chemistry educators, and researchers interested in reaction mechanisms and organic synthesis will benefit from this discussion.

brake4country
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Homework Statement


Do alkenes only form carbocations while carbonyl groups only form carbanions?

Homework Equations


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The Attempt at a Solution


I understand the relative reactivity of carbocations and carbanions. How does one know when an organic compound follows heterolytic cleavage or homolytic cleavage of H? For example, do alkenes only make carbocations while ketones and aldehydes create carbanions?
 
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You are mixing up quite a few things here and it is very difficult to give you an answer. Let's clear up some terminology and ideas here.

Carbonyl carbons do not form carbanions. In fact, carbonyl carbons have quite a bit of carbocation character, thus they are attacked by nucleophiles (think formation of an amide or any other -COOH type of chemistry).

Homolytic versus heterolytic cleavage does not result in positive versus negative charge. Homolytic cleavage leaves neutral molecules whereas homolytic cleavage will result in one positively and one negatively charged molecule. Please draw these out for yourself.

Please think about some of these ideas/terms and come back with any further questions.
 

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