Does a photon curve space-time, i.e., produce a gravitational field?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on whether a photon curves space-time and produces a gravitational field, exploring the implications of a photon's energy and locality in relation to gravitational effects. Participants engage with theoretical concepts, speculative reasoning, and interpretations of general relativity.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that a photon exhibits no locality, suggesting that this lack of defined position prevents it from generating a local gravitational field.
  • Others argue that despite a photon's non-locality, it possesses energy and thus active gravitational mass, which could imply it generates a gravitational field.
  • One participant questions the distinction between a single photon and a light beam, suggesting that a light beam, being a collection of photons, may exhibit observable gravitational effects that a single photon does not.
  • Some participants speculate that the gravitational effects of photons are not measurable with current technology, indicating that the discussion remains somewhat speculative.
  • Another viewpoint suggests that while photons have no rest mass, they do have invariant energy, which could contribute to gravitational effects.
  • There is mention of the relationship between energy density, momentum flow, and gravity in general relativity, with some suggesting that electromagnetic waves exert gravity, albeit weakly.
  • One participant references a thought experiment involving matter and antimatter annihilating into photons, questioning whether the system's weight changes, which raises further questions about the gravitational implications of photons.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on whether photons curve space-time or produce a gravitational field. Multiple competing views are presented, with some asserting that photons do not have a gravitational field while others propose that they do based on their energy and interactions with gravity.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in measuring the gravitational effects of individual photons and the complexities of integrating quantum mechanics with general relativity. The interpretations of mass and energy in the context of gravity remain unresolved.

  • #31
I have read on a number of occasions that two parallel light beams do not gravitationally attract each other while two anti-parallel light beams do gravitationally attract each other. Is that true? If it is true, why does it work one way but not the other?
 
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  • #32
It is true. One may understand it more easily in linearized general relativity, where the first case arise by cancellation of the gravitomagnetic and gravitoelectric accelerations, while in the second they do add.
 
  • #33
kev said:
I have read on a number of occasions that two parallel light beams do not gravitationally attract each other while two anti-parallel light beams do gravitationally attract each other. Is that true? If it is true, why does it work one way but not the other?

If two parallel light beams pass through a gravitational field, do they remain parallel?

[Clarification: What do you mean by "anti-parallel"? I've seen reference to opposite vs. same direction, but not the way you put it.]

Regards,

Bill
 
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  • #34
Antenna Guy said:
If two parallel light beams pass through a gravitational field, do they remain parallel?

[Clarification: What do you mean by "anti-parallel"? I've seen reference to opposite vs. same direction, but not the way you put it.]

Regards,

Bill
I always assumed the references to "anti-parallel" in this context to mean parallel beams with the photons in each beam moving in opposite directions as opposed to to two parallel beams that have photons moving in the same direction. That is just my interpretation. I assume we mean the same thing?

It might be added that it can be predicted that particles with rest mass behave in a similar way, with beams of massive particles gravitationally attracting each other more weakly at higher velocites when they are comoving and more strongly when the beams of massive particles are moving in opposite directions.
 
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  • #35
kev said:
I always assumed the references to "anti-parallel" in this context to mean parallel beams with the photons in each beam moving in opposite directions as opposed to to two parallel beams that have photons moving in the same direction. That is just my interpretation. I assume we mean the same thing?

I read "anti-parallel" as not in same direction, and was wondering if you were including velocity components in opposite directions (rather than just velocities - as I had seen before).

Regards,

Bill
 
  • #37
jnorman said:
i begin with the notion that a photon moves at C. at C, distance has no meaning - there is no distance between things. ergo, a photon is essentially everywhere at once. and of course, our old general rule - you cannot say anything about a photon in between the time it is emitted and the time it is absorbed...

again, please feel free to knock that down.
You seem to have a particular wave function in mind. A initial quantum state is a given and can take on an arbitrary shape. It can be narrow step function which means that it is definitely located within a very small volume.

Again, you can't say anything until you measure something, and a measurement of the gravitational field, which is the measureable thing or (or rather its effects on a test particle) is the measurement. What can be said between measurements is that it is located somewhere within a light sphere centered on its emission point.

Pete
 
  • #38
kev said:
I have read on a number of occasions that two parallel light beams do not gravitationally attract each other while two anti-parallel light beams do gravitationally attract each other. Is that true? If it is true, why does it work one way but not the other?
Yes. All that means is that the gravitational force is velocity dependent just like the Lorentz force. It doesn't mean that the field is absent.

Pete
 
  • #39
I will try with questions preparing for one old unanswered question.
If a photon (or better light ray) fly toward a black hole BH, I believe that it will move it.
If a photon curves it direction close to a BH it gives also some momentum to a BH. I believe this.
(I can advocate my view).
But my questions are, when these two photons gives momentum to a BH.
I suppose: When photon is one light-second close to a BH horizon, its loss of a small difference of its momentum come to a BH after one second. And so on.
I suppose that it is similarly with a photon with fly close to black hole.
This is approximately, but how it is more precisely? what is a light second length from horizon?

And final question. On https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=147253" I get one
infinite term which describe force on a black hole.
I do not believe that infinite wide ray gives to a BH a infinite force. Where it is a mistake?
 
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