Does Photoelectric Conversion Affect Momentum Transfer in Solar Sails?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the impact of photoelectric conversion on momentum transfer in solar sails. Participants explore the theoretical implications of perfect photoelectric conversion and its effects on the momentum of photons striking a solar sail, considering both reflective and absorptive interactions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether perfect photoelectric conversion affects the momentum transfer of photons to the solar sail.
  • Another participant suggests that if conversion is perfect, all photon energy, including momentum, would be converted to electrical energy, raising the question of how much momentum is actually transferred.
  • A later reply emphasizes that momentum is conserved in inelastic collisions, indicating that a photovoltaic sail would have different momentum transfer characteristics compared to a reflective sail.
  • Participants discuss the difference in momentum transfer between absorbed and reflected photons, noting that absorption results in a change from momentum p to 0, while reflection changes momentum from p to -p, leading to different increases in the sail's momentum.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the extent to which photoelectric conversion affects momentum transfer, with some arguing for a complete conversion of momentum and others suggesting only partial transfer. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the practical implications of these theoretical considerations.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge the complexities involved in the interactions between photons and solar sails, including the effects of energy transfer and the nature of collisions (elastic vs. inelastic). There is also mention of practical considerations, such as the heating of solar cells.

sanman
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Suppose you have a solar sail that was capable of perfect photoelectric conversion.

So this means that photons from the Sun are striking your solar sail, and also being photoelectrically converted to electrical current.

My question is - does the photoelectric conversion at all affect the momentum transfer of the photons to the solar sail?
 
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If conversion was PERFECT,all photon energy would be converted to electrical...this would include momentum...so it would appear some current momentum would be converted to electrical in a "PERFECT conversion.

does the photoelectric conversion at all affect the momentum transfer of the photons to the solar sail?

via your established criteria, seems like it...whether that's practical or not is another question..such as solar cells getting warm in the sun...

Edit: Ignore the above...it seems the poster is addressing spacecraft solar SAILS...I wasn't paying attention...I missed photoELECTRIC instead of photoVOLTAIC...
 
Last edited:
Naty1 said:
If conversion was PERFECT,all photon energy would be converted to electrical...this would include momentum...so it would appear some current momentum would be converted to electrical in a "PERFECT conversion.



via your established criteria, seems like it...whether that's practical or not is another question..such as solar cells getting warm in the sun...

So only SOME photon momentum would be converted into electrical energy, or ALL of it would?
 
Naty1 said:
If conversion was PERFECT,all photon energy would be converted to electrical...this would include momentum...so it would appear some current momentum would be converted to electrical in a "PERFECT conversion.

No, momentum is still conserved in an inelastic collisions.

Normally solar sails are designed to be reflective, so you have an elastic collision between light and the sail. To make a photovoltaic sail, it would have to be absorptive, so you have an inelastic collision, with only half the momentum transfer.
 
Why half?
 
If the photon is absorbed, its momentum changes from p to 0, so the momentum of the sail increases by p.

If the photon is reflected, the momentum changes from p to -p, so the momentum of the sail must increase by 2p. (actually it will be slightly different than this due to the fact that there is also energy transferred, resulting in a different wavelength.)
 

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