Is the Photoelectric Effect Proof That Light Is a Particle?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the photoelectric effect and its implications for the nature of light, specifically whether it behaves as a particle or a wave. Participants explore the relationship between light frequency, energy levels of electrons in metals, and the immediate ejection of electrons upon illumination.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants question why light frequencies above a certain threshold can still eject electrons and how this relates to the energy levels in metals. They discuss the implications of immediate electron ejection on the particle versus wave model of light, and whether higher intensity light affects the speed of electron ejection.

Discussion Status

There is an ongoing exploration of the concepts surrounding the photoelectric effect, with participants examining the limitations of the wave model in explaining threshold frequency and the instantaneous nature of electron ejection. Some guidance has been offered regarding the particle model, but multiple interpretations and questions remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants are grappling with the definitions and assumptions related to energy absorption by electrons, the implications of light intensity, and the nature of photon interactions. The discussion reflects a mix of established concepts and uncertainties in understanding the photoelectric effect.

  • #31
A single wave (or wavefront) can have any energy as long as it's a multiple of hf.
 
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  • #32
Is it because a single wave is made of many photons and each individual photon has an energy E=hf?
So the energy of an individual photon is not quantised but the energy of a wave is quantised?
 
  • #33
We're really just getting into semantics and what a 'single' wave is. It's not important. If an EM wave comes in, no matter if it has one or many 'waves' or 'wavefronts', its energy will be some integer multiple of hf.

sss1 said:
So the energy of an individual photon is not quantised but the energy of a wave is quantised?
The photon IS the quantization of the wave. The wave is quantized and that shows up as a photon.
 
  • #34
Drakkith said:
The photon IS the quantization of the wave. The wave is quantized and that shows up as a photon.
But a photon can have any energy it wants? Whereas the energy of a wave needs to be a multiple of hf?
 
  • #35
sss1 said:
But a photon can have any energy it wants? Whereas the energy of a wave needs to be a multiple of hf?
That's the wrong way round. Classically the energy of a wave is not determined by its frequency. The Classical wave model cannot explain certain phenomena like the photoelectric effect.

So, you need to quantize the EM field and introduce quanta of that field, called photons.

White light is a mixture of frequencies. But, monochromatic light has a single frequency and can only deliver energy in discrete quanta, which depend on the frequency.

Light is neither a classical wave nor a classical particle. It's a product of the quantized EM field.
 
  • #36
sss1 said:
But a photon can have any energy it wants? Whereas the energy of a wave needs to be a multiple of hf?
No. The photon's energy is determined by the frequency of the wave.
 

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