Doubt with a theorem that if f is cont. at interval it has max

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SUMMARY

The theorem discussed states that if a function \( f \) is continuous on the interval \([a,b]\), then there exists a point \( c \in [a,b] \) such that \( f(c) \) is greater than or equal to \( f(x) \) for all \( x \in [a,b] \). The confusion arises from the demonstration's assumption that \( f(x) < \alpha \), where \( \alpha \) is the supremum of \( f \) on the interval. This assumption is valid as it explores the implications of \( f \) not reaching its supremum, which is crucial for proving the theorem. The clarification provided emphasizes that the assumption should be that \( f \) does not attain the value of \( \alpha \), rather than assuming \( f(x) \) exceeds \( \alpha \).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of continuous functions in real analysis
  • Familiarity with the concept of supremum and least upper bounds
  • Basic knowledge of mathematical proofs and proof by contradiction
  • Ability to interpret mathematical notation and expressions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of continuous functions on closed intervals
  • Learn about the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem and its implications
  • Explore proof techniques, particularly proof by contradiction
  • Investigate the relationship between continuity and boundedness in real analysis
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Students of mathematics, particularly those studying real analysis, educators teaching calculus, and anyone interested in understanding the foundations of mathematical proofs and theorems related to continuity and supremum.

Hernaner28
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I THINK this theorem in short words states that if a function is continuous in an interval [a,b] then it has a maximum. But I have a doubt with the demonstration when it supposes an absurd:

$$\begin{align}
& \text{THEOREM:} \\
& \text{ }f:[a,b]\to \mathbb{R}\text{ continuous} \\
& \text{then }\exists c\in [a,b]:f(c)\ge f(x)\forall x\in [a,b]\text{ } \\
& \text{ } \\
& \text{Dem}\text{. } \\
& \text{We know that }\exists \alpha =\sup f([a,b])\text{. } \\
& \text{Suppose as and absurd that }\forall x\in [a,b]\text{ }f(x)<\alpha \Rightarrow \alpha -f(x)>0 \\
& \text{ }...\text{continues}... \\
\end{align}$$

What I don't understand is... if alpha is sup then is the least upper bound, so wouldn't the absurd be that f(x) is GREATER than alpha, i.e. greater than a supposed number which we know is supremum?Thanks!
 
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If you start by assuming that f(x) is larger than alpha you assumed something that was false independent of anything to do with the theorem. The point is to assume something that could be true if it wasn't for the theorem you are trying to prove. In this case you are assuming that f never takes on the value of alpha, something which can happen in general but cannot happen in this specific situation
 
Ah I get it now! Thank you very much!
 

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