Supersonic dash is the ability to go to a supersonic speed that is outside or at the edge of the aircraft's normal operating envelope. Most attack have a dash to target so as to get the aircraft in and out very quickly. The actual range and speed of the dash is a part of the overall design and requirements.
As far as the F-16 A8 and A9 controls, a little search shows that the A8 area is the throat area and the A9 area is the exit area of the nozzle. How those controls work I have no idea. Andre should chime in here. He would be able to answer that.