I Electroweak Feynman Rules: Confusion about the photon-W boson interaction term

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The discussion centers on the photon-W boson interaction term in Quantum Field Theory, specifically regarding the vertex factor and momentum directions. Participants express confusion about whether the coupling can exist with W boson momenta directed outwards and how that affects the vertex factor. It is clarified that flipping the signs of momenta is necessary when reversing their direction, but there is uncertainty about whether this also applies to other factors like iota and e. Additionally, the possibility of Bremsstrahlung occurring on a single W boson line is raised, emphasizing the arbitrary nature of momentum direction labeling. The conversation seeks to clarify how these adjustments impact the vertex factor for different interactions involving W bosons and photons.
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A confusion about the photon-W boson interaction term
This screenshot is from Quantum Field Theory by Mandl and Shaw, 2nd Edition.

I had a question about the vertex factor feynman rule (given below the daigram) of the photon and W+, W- interaction term. Its lagrangian density is given in the third and fourth line of (19.3 a)

What confuses me is the fact that this diagram shows all the momenta directed inwards. Is it the only possible way this coupling can exist or can we also show something like say, the W+ and W- boson momenta directed outwards from the vertex and photon coming inwards ? How will the vertex factor change in that case ? Is it simply a matter of flipping the signs of the momenta in the vertex factor expression ?

Also, is it possible to have a vertex where there is something like a Bremsstrahlung on a single W+ or W- line ?
Screenshot (469).png
 
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The directions are arbitrary labels. It's like voltages or currents in electric circuits. What direction you use to define them is arbitrary, choosing the opposite direction just flips the sign of all values.

W -> W+photon is possible, sure. Here is a diagram.
 
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Sorry for the late reply.
I just require a bit more clarification on the answer. When @mfb says to flip the signs of all values for oppositely directed momenta, does it mean to flip the signs of momenta only or also of the iota and e ?

Also how will the vertex factor get modified for W->W+photon ?
And how will it be different for W+ and W- ?
I have included a picture of what I think the vertex factors ought to look like, based upon my reference Mandl and Shaw. Do please have a look at it.
 

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Theoretical physicist C.N. Yang died at the age of 103 years on October 18, 2025. He is the Yang in Yang-Mills theory, which he and his collaborators devised in 1953, which is a generic quantum field theory that is used by scientists to study amplitudes (i.e. vector probabilities) that are foundational in all Standard Model processes and most quantum gravity theories. He also won a Nobel prize in 1957 for his work on CP violation. (I didn't see the post in General Discussions at PF on his...

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