Experimental Search for Quantum Gravity (schedule of talks)

  • #31
0711061415

I see that I hastily skipped over my notes on the talk by Dr. Landsberg, who spoke on the sixth.

His talk was very interesting for me, because I have long been curious about lab results from colliders. Often conclusions are presented without the actual data, which is in the form of abstract images anyway. Still, I have been fascinated by cloud chamber results, and have wanted to understand the significance of the occasional collision image presented in the general press. Unfortunately, this meant I was often trying to see the slides, not copying notes.

Anyway, Dr. Landsberg, from Brown University, talked about the hierarchy problem, models with extra dimensions, gravity at short distances, astrophysical constraints, collider search for extra dimensions, and the observation of BH at future collider events.

Dr. Landsberg started by pointing out that large hierarchies tend to collapse. He gave humorous examples from competitive social human tower events and political realities. However, he said, there is no physical reason why these collapses have to occur. He said fine tuning does occur in nature, which acts to keep some natural large hierarchies stable. His example was the lunar eclipse of the sun, with its unlikely coincidence that the optical angle of the moon matches the optical angle of the sun nearly exactly. He also pointed to the astounding results of the Florida recount, in which the proportion of votes for one party to the other was 1.000061. I did not ask him if he thought this was a reasonable coincidence, or an impossible result.

The alternative explanation, he said, is the anthropic principle, which, in Missouri, is referred to as intelligent design. This part of his talk was, of course, motivational, and raised the mood of the room considerably.

He then talked about constraints on the size of large dimensions from small distance gravity experiments, which restrict the size of large dimensions to less than about 1mm to 1fm. He mentioned that bulk space is a large extra dimensions idea.

Then he discussed the 1999 Randall-Sundstrom model. He said that in the one plus brane, there are no low energy effects. In the two plus brain and 1TeV Kaluza-Klein modes of gravitation there are low energy effects on small brane, and hierarchy problem is solved naturally.

The best current measure of g at short distances is University of Washington torsion balance experiments, a high-tech remake of the 1798 Cavendish experiments. U. Washington has shown no effects down to r=.16 mm. New ideas include atomic interferometer for precision measurement of acceleration, and evidence from monojets.

At this point there were some pictures of collisions, which have been a long time point of curiosity for me, and my notes end.

However, from my memory, he showed what a BH signature would look like. Its main distinction is that the radiation would be very spherical, due to the fact that the BH is very democratic, and can produce any kind of quanta at all, at any angles. He showed some graphs of data showing the spherical radiations. He also said that the signature of a BH would be very energetic, and would show some energy losses due to gravitons leaving the brane.
 
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  • #32
I see now that the talks were posted:

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/Events/Experimental_Search_for_Quantum_Gravity/View_Experimental_Lectures/
 
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  • #33
Just checking back quickly to report that Dr. Hossenfelder did turn up with tickets to tonights public lecture, and she was very pleasent about it. She actually smiled at me, and I was thrilled. There are cabs leaving from PI in about twenty minutes, and I am sitting in the lobby with Dr. Ng, who also was on the ticket and cab list.
 
  • #34
ccdantas said:
Dear starkind,

...I feel more and more skeptic now, and trying to regain my contemplative mood about Nature. ...

...I firmly believe we need an ontologic revolution to get a correct quantum theory of gravity. ...

Christine

Thank you for the personal tone of your note. It happens that a contemplative mood about Nature is one of my priorities too, and always has been, as far back as I can remember. It has often been the case that human activities have driven me to seek consolation in that which humans have not touched.

I also agree with the need for an ontological revolution. As you may recall, the KAVLI mini-program last January on singularities ended with a statement by the organizer that what is needed is a new interpretation of time. That would surely achieve a revolution in concept, if not in physics itself. But we are so deeply committed to our view of 3d space and 1 or 2d time that it seems almost impossible.

It seems that the idea of time is also on the minds of others here. A questioner in the audience last night at Dr. Ellis' public talk asked about the true nature of time and space, and this set off a lively discussion afterwards between Dr. Hossenfelder and Dr. Mavromatos, which lasted until the room cleared enough for us to make our way out to the lobby. Dr. Mavromatos asserted that time is more fundamental than space, since how could anything happen without time? Dr. Hossenfelder seemed to me to take the opposite point of view, one which I myself encapsulated years ago in a little rhyme:

"I can imagine an unmoving place, devoid of dance,
but what movement could take place
in time devoid of circumstance?"

There is understandably a great reluctance to assign a privileged position to time or to space, and Dr. Einstein sets them as equivalent. Almost all of our physics can be reduced to units of space and time, perhaps supplemented by mass or charge. A new view of time and space would almost certainly kick one of the legs out from under our most cherished basis! Everything we think we know would be affected.

It is likely that my understanding of Dr. Ng's work is inadequate, yet it is certainly evocative that he quantizes time and space by assuming space is filled with clocks ticking at a Planck time, due to their proximity and interaction with each other at a Planck length. Perhaps a view of this kind, going at the problem directly from time and space, will in the end provide a more powerful model than that we have had so far, starting from apples and cannon balls and working down to atoms and quarks.

Perhaps Dr. Ng will get his Noble prize after all, and join in the honor already won by his academic cousins, brothers, father and grandfather. Dr. Ng was a student of Richard Feynman.

His most recent paper on arXiv is found here: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0703/0703096v2.pdf
 
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  • #35
Dr. Ellis’ public presentation to the Waterloo, Ontario population last night was very smooth and aided by high caliber professional power point projection. It was evidently his standard talk, which he has doubtless given hundreds of times by now. While the pictures of the CERN Large Hadron Collider project were beautiful and very informative, little or no new information came out of the talk.

The CERN LHC project is supported by countries from all over the world. The U. S. and Canada were two among many who have provided material and technical support. This talk was given to a Canadian audience and so was slightly tailored to please them by emphasis on Canadian contributions.

The new information came after the talk, during the question and answer period, in which members of the audience had an opportunity to speak via microphone to the room. Dr. Ellis was asked about “the magnet problem last summer,” to which he replied, “Which one?”

Of course the big magnet event was an unforeseen rapid expansion of magnets used to focus the beam into a width thinner than a human hair. To give some idea of the intensity of this beam, it is calculated at full operation values to carry the energy of a fast freight train. Imagine a freight train at full speed crammed suddenly into the width of a human hair and you have some idea of the immense forces involved. The resulting expansion was reported in the popular press as an explosion, a word which Dr. Ellis objected to on the grounds that it did not involve kinetic energy from a chemical reaction. He said one Madrid paper went so far as to say that the entire city of Geneva had been destroyed, but Dr. Ellis assured us that in fact Geneva is still there.

All the damage has been repaired, and the commissioning of the giant machine, which circles twenty seven kilometers long beneath Switzerland and France, continues. Dr. Ellis said that despite continuing discovery of minor problems requiring fix-it time, the huge accelerator will come on line next year and can be expected to produce its first data sometime before the end of 2008.

This machine will produce collision events between protons with an energy of one TeV, enough so that scientists suspect that miniature black holes will be produced at a rate between one per minute to one every ten minutes. These miniature black holes will evaporate in a millionth of a second, and so they pose no danger of swinging back and forth through the center of the Earth and eating up the ground we stand on.

As further evidence of the harmless nature of these mini-black holes, Dr. Ellis pointed out that high energy cosmic rays a hundred times stronger than the LHC have been slamming into the earth’s atmosphere from the beginning, and yet no one has reported any reduction in the earth’s volume. Evidently even if a mini-black hole is discovered in the collisions, it will not cause anyone any reason for anxiety.

The talk was very general, of course, and aimed at encouraging continuing support for large scientific projects of this kind, which have spin-off value in the field of medicine, as well as inspiring other new and useful technology. For example, the World Wide Web was developed to allow scientists across the world to contribute to this effort without actually having to commute.

The results of this device will have an effect on many areas of physics, from cosmology to string theory to quantum gravitation and the search for a grand unification of the four physical forces. We have a lot to look forward to in the next few years, and everyone involved is optimistic that it will be worth the wait, and the expense.
 
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  • #36
Dear Starkind,

Thank you for your reply and comments.

Concerning time, I've recently finished reading Henri Bergson's Creative Evolution. It seems to me that he is somewhat like a "forgotten" genius. If we need an ontological revolution concerning the nature of time, his book is the place to start. I repeat, start.


Christine
 
  • #37
Aaron S. Chou gave a talk on the Auger observatory, including background on the plan and construction of the facility, and went on to discuss in detail the data and how it is analyzed. There were a lot of graphs, formula and statistics, which went into way too much detail for me. However, it was clear that the team at Auger has been very cautious in their program, and done everything in their power to make certain that any reports from their program will be highly reliable. The team at Auger has had this result since May 27 of 2006, and has held onto the report of their finding in order to check every possible error in detection, analysis, or calculation. The probability of a false positive result has been reduced to less that one percent.

The data contain a relatively high density of hits from the Centaurus super cluster, and a low hit density from the Virgo super cluster. The reason for these anomalies is not known. These super clusters are parts of the large scale structure of the visible universe, in which galaxies are known to occur in wall-like groupings with huge voids between them, something like a hugely magnified version of bubbles in expanded polystyrene foam.

Dr. Chou stated that Auger is the only program which has produced data on this topic without using any simulation or modeling in their analysis. Their conclusions come from empirical data. He showed a sample record, in which a high energy event was traced by four ultraviolet telescopes as it came through the atmosphere, and recorded by the ground array of Cherenkov radiation tank detectors as it splashed into the array.

Dr. Chou said that Auger hopes to be able to get information to help determine the GZK effect and to help determine the magnetic fields of our galaxy when a sufficient number of events have been recorded, and assuming that the data suggesting protons from an AGN source is verified by further observations. He said that the team hopes astronomers will use the high energy events which were not correlated with known AGNs as a guide for where to look for the massive black holes which are thought to be the source of the activity.

Centaurus A, 3.14 megaparsecs away, may be useful for calibrations of more distant objects, much as the crab nebula has been used as a standard candle up until now. The data have also ruled out strong radio emitting objects as sources of the high energy gamma ray bursts.
 
  • #38
The conference has ended and I find myself in shut-down mode. I learned a lot from watching and listening but have convinced myself that my first priority in this endeavor is to get a better grasp of the maths. Unfortunately my brain and my bottom are currently symmetrical in regard to numbness. I have a great longing to be alone with a large body of water.

I see however that I have not completed my attempt at posting a summary of each of the talks. I certainly don’t want to slight any of the speakers, but of course the real slight is my ability to understand what they said. During much of it, I could just as well have been listening to Russian.

I missed reporting on Dr. Niemeyer, Dr. Sudarsky, Dr. Cavaglia, Dr. Sander Bais, Dr. Husain, Dr. Major, Dr. Giddings, Dr. Brandenberger, Dr. Holman, Dr. Danielsson, and Dr. Amelino-Camelia. So I have something here on thirteen participants, while missing eleven. Most of the missing presenters have pages in my notes, but I am suffering from screen fatigue, and am being called back to the road. I am afraid I will have to take a long break before having the necessary focus to return to this, if ever.

I need to thank Dr. Hossenfelder, Dr. Smolin, and Dr. Ng in particular for their kindness during this amazing week. I apologize for my not being more sociable, but I will say that their attentions have gone a long way to easing my customary adherence to the misanthropic principle.

best regards,

S
 
  • #39
Dear Starkind,

I really appreciate your efforts on reporting this workshop. I wish you a nice trip back home.

Best wishes,
Christine
 
  • #40
THREE CHEERS FOR STARKIND!

"misanthropic principle" heh heh
 
  • #41
Thanks for your efforts, starkind. They are much appreciated. I have been cherry-picking video presentations based on their abstracts, and it's nice to have your impressions for context.
 
  • #42
Hi Turbo

I too have found the video presentations at Perimeter worth the considerable effort involved in downloading them and watching them. In fact, imho, their value is immense!

Having said that, I have to regret a couple of shortcommings, if I can do so without slighting the work that has been done to present the videos, for which I am extremely grateful. One is that it is sometimes hard to hear, sometimes hard to see the chalk board, and sometimes one wishes that the frames would change fast enough to allow one to know what the presenter was just then pointing at.

However, having now had the opportunity to actually sit in the auditoreum, I see that being in the gallery has its own problems. The presenters go fast, and there is certainly not enough time to copy out the information. So the video wins, in that it can be played again, over and over if need be. I could wish for more cameras and a highly talented video editor, but I have a friend who does video editing and I know what a difficult job it can be. He sometimes spends hours on just a few seconds of footage. No one has the time to do that for eight hours of lectures a day. It would tax the Disney studios to keep up.

My cheers to the people who do the work of video presentations.

S
 

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