?, exponentiation, multiplication, addition, ?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion explores the sequence of mathematical operations, specifically focusing on the relationships and hierarchy among operations such as exponentiation, multiplication, and addition, as well as potential subsequent operations like succession and higher-level operations such as tetration and pentation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that operations like hexation, pentation, and tetration follow exponentiation, multiplication, and addition in a sequence.
  • One participant questions whether the discussion relates to the order of operations known as PEMDAS.
  • Another participant explains that multiplication can be viewed as repeated addition and exponentiation as repeated multiplication.
  • A participant elaborates on tetration as repeated exponentiation, providing examples to illustrate the concept.
  • Succession is proposed as a potential next operation, defined as adding 1, which could relate to the concept of addition in a broader sense.
  • There is mention of fractals as a possible next step in the sequence, although this is not elaborated upon.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the sequence of operations, with some agreeing on the definitions of operations like succession and tetration, while others introduce different perspectives on the hierarchy and potential next steps. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the definitive sequence and implications of these operations.

Contextual Notes

Some definitions and notations, such as Knuth's up-arrow notation for higher operations, are noted as not universally agreed upon, which may affect understanding among different audiences.

Loren Booda
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What simple operations, if any, precede or succeed the series ". . . exponentiation, multiplication, addition. . ."?
 
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..., hexation, pentation, tetration, exponentiation, multiplication, addition, ...

Maybe succession is a good candidate for the next operation in the sequence. I don't think there's much after that, though.
 
Are you trying to remember PEMDAS?

- Warren
 
chroot,

More like: multiplication represents repeated additions, and exponentiation represents repeated multiplications, etc. (Thanks for the PEMDAS blast to my algebraic past, though.)
 
Loren Booda said:
More like: multiplication represents repeated additions, and exponentiation represents repeated multiplications, etc.

Yep, that's the list I gave you.

Tetration ([itex]\uparrow\uparrow[/itex]) is repeated exponentiation, right associated:

[tex]a\uparrow\uparrow b = a^{a^{...^{a^a}}}[/tex]

where there are [itex]b[/itex] [itex]a[/itex]'s on the left side.

[tex]2\uparrow\uparrow 2 = 2^2 = 4[/tex]
[tex]2\uparrow\uparrow 3 = 2^{2^2} = 2^4 = 16[/tex]
[tex]2\uparrow\uparrow 4 = 2^{2^{2^2}} = 2^{16} = 65536[/tex]

Pentation ([itex]\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow[/itex]) is repeated tetration, also right associated, etc.

Succession is adding 1, so you might say that adding a and b is like adding 1 to a, b times.

EDIT: I use Knuth uparrow notation for the higher operators. This is not strictly speaking a universally agreed upon thing, so you might have to explain it to pretty much anyone you show it to.
 
Last edited:
Moo,

That's what I sought. "Succession" as you define it seems reasonable to me. My guess is that the next step involves fractals.
 

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