Falling Raindrop - Evaporation and - Diff Eq project

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around modeling the dynamics of a falling raindrop, specifically focusing on the differential equations governing its motion and the effects of evaporation. Participants explore the interplay between the raindrop's size, velocity, and the forces acting on it, including air resistance and mass loss due to evaporation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes a basic equation of motion for the raindrop, incorporating air resistance as F = bv² and gravitational force, leading to ma + bv² = mg.
  • Another participant suggests that both mass and friction coefficients will vary over time due to changes in the raindrop's volume and geometry, and raises questions about the dependency of evaporation rate on velocity.
  • A different approach is introduced, considering drag force as F_D = 1/2ρAC_Dv², where A is the cross-sectional area and C_D is the drag coefficient, while assuming the raindrop maintains a spherical shape.
  • It is noted that the net force should account for the changing mass of the raindrop, leading to the equation dp/dt = d(m(t)v(t))/dt = ∑F.
  • One participant argues that the evaporation rate should be proportional to the surface area of the raindrop rather than constant, suggesting that this would lead to a linearly varying radius over time.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the modeling of evaporation and its effects on the raindrop's dynamics, indicating that multiple competing approaches exist without a clear consensus on the best method to proceed.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the complexity of the problem, noting that assumptions about the constancy of certain parameters (like evaporation rate) may not hold true and that the accuracy of approximations may vary.

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I'm working on a project where I'm trying to find the differential equation of a falling raindrop. The drop I'm considering will be under 10mm to eliminate the drops breaking apart and I've found that for that size, the drops will be spherical and traveling 6-8m/s. I've determined my air resistance to be F = =bv^{2} because of the size of raindrops being molded.
So far my equation is simple with ma + bv^{2} = mg

Next I was trying to figure out the part for evaporation. The raindrop will be decreasing in size due to evaporation but and also it's velocity will be changing too due to a smaller size; and here's where I got stuck.

What would be the best way to go about this?
 
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the problem will be harder the more detail you get into, but roughly, both mass and friction coefficients will vary in time because of the change in volume/geometry of the drop. You need to model too the process of evaporation. The rate is constant in time? does it depend on velocity? (on account of the drop heating), and add a new equation for the rate of volume/friction area loss rate.
The simplest approximation I can think about (may be pretty unaccurate) is: consider the friction to be given, over the rate of velocities considered, by
F_{D}=1/2\rho A C_{D}v^{2}
where A is the cross area of the drop, and Cd a drag coefficient. Let us consider it constant, and the drop, to keep a spherical shape (again, unaccurate) of volume 4/3\pi r(t)^{3} and cross section A=4\pi r(t)^{2}. You still need to specify the rate at which r changes. Let's imagine it loses mass at a constant rate q:
\dot{m}=\rho 4/3\pi \dot{r^3}=q
you would now have two equations for variables (r(t),v(t)).
 
Also note that the net force starting point should be

\frac{dp}{dt} = \frac{d(m(t)v(t))}{dt} = \sum F

as the mass is changing. (Or alternatively you could still say the net force is ma, but there is now an additional force on the drop due to the changing mass).
 
True. Also, I think it is better to consider evaporation rate to be proportional to the surface area rather than constant, the reason being only molecules in the interface can evaporate. That results in a linearly varying radius with time.
 

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