How Does the Velocity of Distant Stars Relate to the Mass of the Universe?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between the recessive velocity of distant galaxies and the mass of the universe, as described by Hubble's law. It establishes that galaxies beyond the Hubble sphere can recede faster than the speed of light, with velocities reaching up to 3c. However, this recessive velocity is not an inertial velocity and does not imply an increase in mass due to inertia. The mathematical implications of these velocities are explored, emphasizing that they are consequences of separation distance rather than true motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hubble's Law and its implications on recessive velocity
  • Familiarity with the concept of the Hubble sphere
  • Basic knowledge of relativistic physics and the speed of light
  • Ability to interpret mathematical relationships in cosmology
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  • Read "Inflation and the Cosmological Horizon" by Brian Powell for a deeper understanding of cosmological concepts
  • Explore advanced topics in cosmology, such as dark energy and its effects on galaxy motion
  • Investigate the implications of recessive velocity on the observable universe
  • Study the mathematical derivations of Hubble's law and its applications in modern astrophysics
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Astronomers, astrophysicists, cosmologists, and students interested in the dynamics of the universe and the implications of recessive velocities on cosmic mass and structure.

cosmosmike
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Stars and galaxies that are further away from us are moving away faster, based on the red shift. What is the relationship between the maximum velocity of the furthest ones, as a fraction of the speed of light, and the mass of the universe? If we extrapolate the velocity up to the speed of light, what does that give, hypothetically, for the mass?
 
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Galaxies that are far enough away are receding from us faster than the speed of light.
 
V=Hd where v is the recessive velocity. Hubble's law states the greater the separation distance the greater the recessive velocity. So objects past a certain point called the Hubble's sphere objects will recede faster than the speed of light up to 3c. However this is not an inertial velocity. Neither is this the galaxies proper velocity. Recessive velocity is a mathematical consequence of the separation distance. Let's use an example you measure galaxy A at 3c from Earth, and you were to teleport to a nearby galaxy to galaxy A its recessive velocity would be roughly the same as we would measure a nearby galaxy to the milky way, which is far less than 3c.

So as recessive velocity is not an inertial velocity, galaxies will not gain mass due to inertia.

a good article covering these misconceptions in a low level math article is
"Inflation and the Cosmological Horizon"
by Brian Powell
http://tangentspace.info/docs/horizon.pdf
 

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