Force equation: use mass or weight?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the distinction between mass and weight in the context of calculating acceleration using the equation F = m * a. Participants clarify that mass (measured in kilograms) is an intrinsic property of matter, while weight (measured in Newtons) is the force exerted by gravity on that mass. The equation F = m * a is valid when mass is used, and scales that display mass in kilograms are calibrated to reflect this, despite measuring weight. The conversation emphasizes the importance of precise language in scientific contexts to avoid confusion between these two concepts.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's Second Law of Motion (F = m * a)
  • Knowledge of the difference between mass and weight
  • Familiarity with SI units, specifically kilograms and Newtons
  • Basic principles of scale calibration and measurement
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the differences between mass and weight in physics
  • Learn about scale calibration techniques and standards
  • Explore the implications of using different unit systems in scientific calculations
  • Study the effects of gravitational variations on weight measurements
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, educators, engineers, and anyone involved in scientific measurement and calibration will benefit from this discussion, particularly those seeking clarity on the concepts of mass and weight.

  • #31
anorlunda said:
The English system does not recognize the pound mass
Yes, it does. The pound mass is the standard for commercial purposes.

Back when I went to school, my physics teachers and textbooks took great pains to say that the U.S. pound is always and exclusively a unit of force. Those teachers and textbooks were simply wrong. If you see packaged goods with a label such as "net weight 1 lb 2 oz", those are mass units and that net weight refers to a mass quantity.
 
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  • #32
escape_velocity said:
I require to calculate acceleration of an object caused by a force of 100N acting upon it.
The weight of the object is 0.5kg
I'm using the equation

F = m * a

Is it correct to use weight of the object instead of mass in the equation.
Will it yield correct results?

Or would I need to calculate "mass" of the object first using the equation

m = W / g
where W is weight of the object and g is acceleration due to gravity.
F is the weight.
m is the mass.
a is the acceleration due to gravity.

In light of this, it will be less confusing for you if, when discussing weights and gravity, you use:

W = m * g

Your confusion arises because we have distinct concepts using the same terminology. People use kg for weight in everyday usage, when N is the more correct term for weight. Saying that I weigh 87kg is incorrect. I consist of 87kg of matter.

I weigh 950N on the Earth because gravity accelerates my mass of 87kg at 9.81 m/s^2 against the Earth.

I weigh 160N on the Moon because gravity accelerates my mass of 87kg (which stays the same) at 1.62 m/s^2 against the Moon.
 
  • #33
anorlunda said:
When you weight meat at the store on a spring scale, it measures force.
Those scales are calibrated, by law, to read what a physicist defines as mass. They do call it weight, as that is also required by law.
 
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