Fourier transform and singularities

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the properties of the Fourier transform of a complex function, specifically the implications of analytically extending the Fourier transform F(ω) into the complex plane. It is established that while f(t) being square integrable implies that the limit of F(ω) approaches zero as |ω| approaches infinity on the real axis, this property does not hold when F(ω) is extended to the complex plane. A counterexample provided is f(t) = e^(-t²/2), whose Fourier transform F(ω) = √(2π)e^(-ω²/2) diverges as ω approaches ±i∞.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Fourier transforms and their properties
  • Knowledge of complex analysis, particularly analytic continuation
  • Familiarity with square integrable functions
  • Basic concepts of singularities and residues in complex functions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of analytic continuation in complex analysis
  • Explore the relationship between singularities of F(ω) and the behavior of f(t)
  • Learn about the uncertainty principle in the context of Fourier transforms
  • Investigate the concept of residues and their application in contour integration
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Mathematicians, physicists, and engineers involved in signal processing, complex analysis, and those studying the properties of Fourier transforms and their applications in various fields.

diraq
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Consider the Fourier transform of a complex function f(t):
f(t)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty F(\omega)e^{-i\omega t}
Here t and \omega are on real axis. Let's suppose f(t) is square integrable. Here are my questions:

1) Since f(t) is square integrable, so we have \text{limit}_{|\omega|\rightarrow\infty}F(\omega)=0. Now, if F(\omega) is analytically extended onto the complex plane, i.e., now \omega\in\mathbb C, then does the property \text{limit}_{|\omega|\rightarrow\infty}F(\omega)=0 still hold at infinity on the complex plane?

2) The width of f(t) and F(\omega) in real t and \omega domain respectively satisfy the uncertainty relation. When calculating f(t)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty F(\omega)e^{-i\omega t}, if the answer to the first question is "yes," then for different sign of t, the contour can be closed by half circles on the complex plane for \omega. To evaluate f(t), we only need to know the information about the singularity points of F(\omega) on complex plane. So, the question is: is there any simple rule of thumb relation between the width of f(t) and the position of the singularity of F(\omega) and the corresponding residues?

Thanks!
 
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diraq said:
Consider the Fourier transform of a complex function f(t):
f(t)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty F(\omega)e^{-i\omega t}
Here t and \omega are on real axis. Let's suppose f(t) is square integrable. Here are my questions:

1) Since f(t) is square integrable, so we have \text{limit}_{|\omega|\rightarrow\infty}F(\omega)=0. Now, if F(\omega) is analytically extended onto the complex plane, i.e., now \omega\in\mathbb C, then does the property \text{limit}_{|\omega|\rightarrow\infty}F(\omega)=0 still hold at infinity on the complex plane?
No. The counterexample is the function ##f(t)=e^{-t^2/2}##. It has the Fourier transform ##F(\omega)=\sqrt{2\pi}e^{-\omega^2/2}##, which blows up as ##\omega \rightarrow \pm i \infty##.
 

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