What is exactly the difference between [tex]f[/tex] and [tex]f(n)[/tex] and why can't we write [tex](f \circ g)(n)[/tex] as [tex]f(n) \circ g(n)[/tex]?
f is the function, f(n) is the value of the function at the point n. The ball operator [tex]\circ[/tex] acts on functions, not values, so your second expression is wrong.