Hawking Radiation: Does an Astronaut Ever Cross the Horizon?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the paradox of whether an astronaut falling into a black hole ever crosses the event horizon when considering Hawking radiation. Observers outside the black hole perceive the astronaut as never reaching the horizon, while the astronaut experiences a smooth passage through it. However, the finite lifetime of the black hole due to Hawking radiation raises questions about the astronaut's fate—whether he would evaporate before crossing the horizon. The concept of "black hole complementarity" is introduced as a framework for reconciling these differing perspectives.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of black hole physics and event horizons
  • Familiarity with Hawking radiation and its implications
  • Knowledge of general relativity principles
  • Concept of black hole complementarity
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mechanics of Hawking radiation and its effects on black holes
  • Study the concept of black hole complementarity in detail
  • Explore the implications of black hole evaporation on astrophysical objects
  • Read Leonhard Susskind's article on black hole information paradox
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Astronomers, physicists, and students of theoretical physics interested in black hole dynamics and the implications of Hawking radiation on spacetime and observational perspectives.

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Something I've been wondering for a while, but haven't been convinced by the answers I've received.

If an astronaut falls into a black hole, from the perspective of us outside he never actually reaches the horizon. From his perspective, he falls straight through and doesn't notice any particular problems at the horizon. However, if the black hole is emitting Hawking radiation, then it only has a finite lifetime. Even if it takes 10^100 years (according to a distant observer), the black hole will evaporate, by which time the astronaut still won't have crossed the event horizon. So, my question is, does the astronaut ever, even from his own point of view, cross the horizon, or does he find himself evaporating before he gets there?

Thinking about the mechanism of Hawking doesn't seem to help. Do the negative energy particles come out of the black hole towards the incoming astronaut to annihilate him? Do they chase him over the horizon and catch up with him while he's inside? Presumably he perceives the radiation to be being formed at a much greater rate than we do. Is it enough to destroy him before he reaches the horizon?

Thanks to anyone who can answer these.
 
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The free falling observer indeed would cross the horizon in a finite time without noticing any change. There is actually a conceptual challenge when putting both descriptions together, which is known as "black hole complementarity". You may be interested in this popular article by Leonhard Susskind:

http://staff.science.uva.nl/~jdeboer/gr/susskind.pdf
 
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