How a microwave seems to heat oil just as well as water

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the heating properties of microwave ovens, specifically comparing water and vegetable oil. It establishes that while water molecules vibrate in response to microwaves, other substances like vegetable oil also absorb microwaves effectively, leading to similar heating rates. The conversation highlights the role of specific heat in this process, indicating that lower specific heat materials can heat faster in a microwave. The conclusion emphasizes that the common understanding of microwave heating is incomplete, as various materials can absorb microwaves efficiently.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of microwave radiation and its interaction with materials
  • Knowledge of specific heat capacity and its implications in heating
  • Familiarity with the principles of electromagnetic fields
  • Basic concepts of molecular polarity and agitation
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the specific heat capacities of various cooking oils compared to water
  • Learn about the molecular structure of polar and non-polar substances
  • Investigate the electromagnetic spectrum and its interaction with different materials
  • Explore the design and functionality of microwave ovens, focusing on energy absorption
USEFUL FOR

Food scientists, culinary professionals, and anyone interested in the physics of cooking and microwave technology.

Zeno Marx
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I always understood that a microwave oven heated things by the microwaves (wavelength about 10cm) vibrating the polar water molecules so they try to line up with the flipping electromagnetic field and they then impart their agitation to the surrounding matter of the food. Now if this story checks out things with less water should heat slower in microwaves. I was giving this explanation to some friends of mine and as an experiment put a bowl of vegetable oil in our microwave, something that if only the water was involved you would expect to heat slower, yet it seemed to heat just as fast as anything else (in fact faster than a bowl of just water would - I know there are some specific heat issues here). what is going on here? Is the story we have been told about how microwave ovens work not the whole truth?
 
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Many things absorb microwaves. Water absorbs them very well, but other chemicals absorb them as well.
The lower specific heat is an important factor, too.

If you want a fair comparison, you have to put both materials in at the same time, otherwise most of the microwave energy will get absorbed in the target material in both cases.
 

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