MHB How can I evaluate the integral using a trigonometric identity?

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The integral to evaluate is $$\int \dfrac{5}{x^2\sqrt{25-x^2}}\, dx$$, and a common approach is to use the substitution $u=5\sin{x}$. This leads to a transformed integral that simplifies to $$\dfrac{1}{5} \int \csc^2{t} \, dt$$, which evaluates to $$-\dfrac{1}{5}\cot{t}+C$$. The final result is expressed in terms of $x$ as $$-\dfrac{\sqrt{25-x^2}}{5x}$$. The discussion also touches on issues with rendering LaTeX on smartphones, noting that compatibility may have improved since 2018.
karush
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Evaluate using a trig identity
$$\displaystyle
\int \dfrac{5}{x^2\sqrt{25-x^2}}\, dx$$
my first inclination to set
$u=5\sin{x}$
then
$du=5\cos{x}\, dx$ or $dx=\dfrac{du}{5\cos {x}}$
 
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$x=5\sin{t} \implies dx=5\cos{t} \, dt$

$$\int \dfrac{25\cos{t}}{25\sin^2{t}\sqrt{25-25\sin^2{t}}} \, dt$$

$$\dfrac{1}{5} \int \csc^2{t} \, dt = -\dfrac{1}{5}\cot{t}+C$$

$t=\arcsin\left(\dfrac{x}{5}\right) \implies -\dfrac{1}{5}\cot{t}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{25-x^2}}{5x}$
 

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karush said:
Ok this what it was on my cell phone

?

here is a pic ... see if your phone renders it ok
 

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Yeah thanks

That was weird
..🐴
 
If I recall, smartphones can't read LaTeX, though that was before 2018. I don't know how it is now.
 
There are probably loads of proofs of this online, but I do not want to cheat. Here is my attempt: Convexity says that $$f(\lambda a + (1-\lambda)b) \leq \lambda f(a) + (1-\lambda) f(b)$$ $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (f(a) - f(b))$$ We know from the intermediate value theorem that there exists a ##c \in (b,a)## such that $$\frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a-b} = f'(c).$$ Hence $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (a - b) f'(c))$$ $$\frac{f(b + \lambda(a-b)) - f(b)}{\lambda(a-b)}...

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