How Did Supermassive Black Holes Grow So Massive So Quickly?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the growth mechanisms of supermassive black holes, particularly focusing on the M-sigma relation and the rapid growth of black holes in early quasars. Participants explore the complexities of black hole physics and the impact of black holes on their host galaxies.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the origin of the M-sigma relation between supermassive black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion, suggesting it is an area of active research.
  • One participant notes that the mechanisms behind the rapid growth of supermassive black holes to 10^9 solar masses in early quasars are still unknown and complex.
  • Another participant discusses the negative feedback effect of black holes on their host galaxies, proposing that the accretion process can drive interstellar matter outwards, influencing star formation.
  • One participant suggests that radiation pressure from the active galactic nucleus may primarily produce the winds that affect star formation in galaxies.
  • A participant shares a link to an article that describes potential growth mechanisms for supermassive black holes, indicating ongoing exploration of this topic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty regarding the exact mechanisms of black hole growth and the implications of black hole feedback on galaxy formation. Multiple competing views and hypotheses are presented without consensus.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of black hole physics and the dependence on various factors, such as the efficiency of accretion processes and the role of radiation pressure, which remain unresolved.

wolram
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What is the origin of the M-sigma relation between supermassive black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion?] How did the most distant quasars grow their supermassive black holes up to 109 solar masses so early in the history of the Universe?
 
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wolram said:
What is the origin of the M-sigma relation between supermassive black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion?] How did the most distant quasars grow their supermassive black holes up to 109 solar masses so early in the history of the Universe?
This is an area of active research and is as yet unknown. The physics of black holes and the matter around them are horrifically complex.

Here's one fairly recent article that talks about one of the mechanisms that is relevant:
http://sci.esa.int/herschel/50333-powerful-black-holes-quenched-galaxy-star-formation/
 
Astronomers had long suspected that black holes could exert such negative feedback on their host galaxy: the accretion process of matter onto a black hole is not completely efficient and can thus drive large amounts of the galaxy's interstellar matter outwards. These black-hole triggered winds would then deprive galaxies of the raw material needed to form stars. In recent years, evidence has mounted in support of this scenario; among others, a survey of galaxies performed with Herschel has shown, in 2011, that galactic outflows are indeed able to influence the entire galaxy's star formation.

What are these (winds) how are they produced?
 
wolram said:
Astronomers had long suspected that black holes could exert such negative feedback on their host galaxy: the accretion process of matter onto a black hole is not completely efficient and can thus drive large amounts of the galaxy's interstellar matter outwards. These black-hole triggered winds would then deprive galaxies of the raw material needed to form stars. In recent years, evidence has mounted in support of this scenario; among others, a survey of galaxies performed with Herschel has shown, in 2011, that galactic outflows are indeed able to influence the entire galaxy's star formation.

What are these (winds) how are they produced?
I believe it's primarily radiation pressure from the active galactic nucleus acting on the galaxy's gas and dust.
 

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