How do the energy conditions in GR relate to timelike and null vectors?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between energy conditions in General Relativity (GR) and the use of timelike and null vectors as described in Sean Carroll's book on GR. The Weak Energy Condition (WEC) states that the energy-momentum tensor contracted with a timelike vector must be non-negative. Specifically, for a perfect fluid represented by the energy-momentum tensor T_{\mu\nu}=(\rho+p)U_{\mu}U_{\nu}+pg_{\mu\nu}, the conditions T_{\mu\nu}U^{\mu}U^{\nu}≥0 and T_{\mu\nu}l^{\mu}l^{\nu}≥0 must hold for timelike and null vectors, respectively. The discussion clarifies that spacelike vectors cannot be used for contraction as they lack a physical interpretation in terms of energy.

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  • Understanding of General Relativity (GR) principles
  • Familiarity with the energy-momentum tensor
  • Knowledge of timelike, null, and spacelike vectors
  • Basic grasp of scalar quantities in physics
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  • Study Sean Carroll's "Spacetime and Geometry" for deeper insights into energy conditions
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  • Explore the mathematical formulation of the energy-momentum tensor in GR
  • Investigate the physical significance of timelike and null vectors in theoretical physics
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The discussion is beneficial for physicists, graduate students in theoretical physics, and anyone studying General Relativity and its implications on energy conditions and vector classifications.

LAHLH
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Hi,

Sean Carroll talks about energy conditions in ch4 of his GR book. From what I understand we want to impose co-ordinate invariant restrictions so we need to form a scalar from the energy momentum tensor, which is done by just arbitrarily contracting with timelike/null vectors (why not spacelike?).

The WEC says that T_{\mu\nu}t^{\mu}t^{\nu}\geq 0 for all t^{\mu} timelike. If we consider a perfect fluid T_{\mu\nu}=(\rho+p)U_{\mu}U_{\nu}+pg_{\mu\nu}, then Carroll says that because pressure is isotropic, then T_{\mu\nu}t^{\mu}t^{\nu} \geq 0 for timelike t^{\mu} IF T_{\mu\nu}U^{\mu}U^{\nu}\geq 0 AND T_{\mu\nu}l^{\mu}l^{\nu}\geq 0 where l is null.

Despite him saying this is just adding vectors, I'm not sure how to see this...

thanks
 
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