How Do You Calculate Charge and Potential in a Polarized Dielectric Sphere?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating charge and potential in a polarized dielectric sphere with radius R, where the polarization is defined by the equation ## \vec P = \frac{K}{r} \hat r_1##. The volume density of bound charge is derived as ## \rho_b = \frac{-K}{r^2} ##, and the surface density of bound charge is ## \sigma_b = \frac{K}{R} ##. The volume density of free charge is approached through the electric displacement field ## \vec D = \epsilon_0 \vec E + \vec P ##, but the solution requires additional constants not provided in the problem statement. The potential inside and outside the sphere can be calculated using Gauss's Law and the integral of the electric field.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of dielectric materials and polarization
  • Familiarity with Gauss's Law in electrostatics
  • Knowledge of electric displacement field, ## \vec D ##
  • Basic calculus for integrating electric fields to find potentials
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the relationship between polarization and bound charge in dielectrics
  • Learn how to apply Gauss's Law to calculate electric fields in spherical geometries
  • Explore the concepts of electric susceptibility and relative permittivity
  • Practice calculating electric potentials from electric fields using integration techniques
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Students and professionals in physics or electrical engineering, particularly those focusing on electrostatics and dielectric materials.

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Homework Statement


A dielectric sphere radius R is injected with free charge so that the resultant polarization can be described by ## \vec P = \frac{K}{r} \hat r_1## where ##\hat r_1## is the unit radial vector.
a) Calculate the volume and the surface density of bound charge
b) Calculate the volume density of free charge
c) Calculate the potential inside and outside the sphere

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


Well, this is the first problem I've ever attempted involving dielectrics, polarization, bound charges, etc...

a) I know that ## \rho_b = - \nabla \cdot \vec P = -[\frac{2K}{r^2}-\frac{K}{r^2}] = \frac{-K}{r^2} ##
## \sigma_b = \vec P \cdot \hat n## which is equal to ## \frac{K}{R} ##

b) Next, they want the volume density of free charge.
I know ## \rho_f = \nabla \cdot \vec D ## and you can use ## \oint \vec D \cdot d\vec a = Q_{free inside} ## to find the electric displacement, however this isn't much use here since I am trying to find the density of the free charge.
Then I see you can use ## \vec D = \epsilon_0 \vec E + \vec P ## but this requires knowing the electric field inside the dielectric... I don't believe I can find that unless I know the free charge density first. I know ## \rho_{tot} = \rho_b + \rho_f ## but I don't think that can be helpful here... Any other attempt to find an equation relating my knowns (polarization/bound charge densities) to relevant unknowns required unknown constants like the relative permativity, or electric susceptibility - things they don't give in the initial question. So right now, I'm stuck!

c) I'm pretty confident I can do this part once I have my answer for (b). I'll just find the electric field inside and outside the sphere by using Gauss Law for the free and bound charges, then use ## V = \int_r^{\infty} \vec E \cdot d \vec r ## to get the potentials
 
Last edited:
problem is solved - had to assume we knew the relative permittivity, making it very straight forward
 

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