How Do You Calculate Seismic Moment for Major Earthquakes?

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SUMMARY

The seismic moment (M_o) for the great Sumatra earthquake (M_w 9.1) and its aftershock (M_w 8.6) can be calculated using the equation M_w = 2/3*log(M_o) - 6.0. For the aftershock, the calculated M_o is 7.943 x 10^21 N*m, which converts to 7.943 x 10^28 dyne-cm. However, discrepancies exist in the literature, with some sources reporting M_o as 1.1 x 10^29 dyne-cm, indicating potential variations in the equation's constants and unit conversions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of seismic moment and magnitude scales
  • Familiarity with logarithmic functions and their applications
  • Knowledge of unit conversions between N*m and dyne-cm
  • Basic grasp of earthquake mechanics and energy release calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the derivation and variations of the seismic moment equation
  • Study the differences between various magnitude scales, including M_w and M_s
  • Explore resources on unit conversion practices in geophysics
  • Investigate case studies of major earthquakes and their seismic moment calculations
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Seismologists, geophysicists, students in earth sciences, and anyone involved in earthquake research or analysis will benefit from this discussion.

RJLiberator
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Homework Statement


The great Sumatra earthquake of late 2004 had a main shock with an M_w magnitude of 9.1 and a large aftershock in early 2005 had an M_w of 8.6.
Calculate the seismic moment, M_o (energy release) of each earthquake.

Homework Equations



M_w = 2/3*log(M_o)-6.0
Where log = log base 10.

The Attempt at a Solution



This is really an easy calculation. Let's analyze the second earthquake.

3/2(8.6+6.0)=log(M_o)
21.9=ln(M_o)/ln(10)
e^(ln(10)21.9)=M_o
M_o = 7.943*10^21 N*m

Now, if we convert it to dyne-cm, we times it by 10*7. So we get 7.943*10^28 dyne-cm.

However, this report here: http://ceeserver.cee.cornell.edu/pll-group/doc/March_28_2005_Tsunami.pdf
States the answer should have been 1.1*10^29 dyne-cm

Did I do something wrong in my calculation?
Also note that there is serious issues with the equation. I have found many different values used instead of "6.0" and I have no idea which one is right. I am using the 'relevant' equation that I found in the notes/book.
 
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These are approximate things, so I would not put too much weight to the discrepancy.
 
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Excellent. Thank you for the help.

I also found that there are two different versions for the appropriate units.
 

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