How do you take integral of cot ?

[EasyStyle4747]

integral of (cot2x)^3 dx

are you supposet to convert to cos and sin?

 

[Data]

Try using the identity \csc^2{x} - \cot^2{x} = 1 and later making the substitution u = \csc{2x} (similar to integrals of powers of sines and cosines, or secants and tangents. Of course, you'll have to deduce the differential of u! ).

 

[xanthym]

integral of (cot2x)^3 dx

are you supposet to convert to cos and sin?

The answer to your question for this case: YES (for easy solution)
Then sub {w = sin(2*x) ::AND:: dw = 2*cos(2*x)*dx ::OR:: (dw/2) = cos(2*x)*dx}:

∫ {cot(2*x)}^3 dx = ∫ {cos(2*x)/sin(2*x)}^3 dx =
= ∫ {cos(2*x)}^2/{sin(2*x)}^3 {cos(2*x)}dx =

= ∫ (1 - w^2)/w^3 {dw/2} = ::: Sub "w" using {cos^2() = 1 - sin^2()} in num
= (1/2)*∫ {w^(-3) - w^(-1)} dw =
::: (integrating) :::

= (1/2)*{(-1/2)*w^(-2) - Loge(|w|)} + C =
= (-1/4)*{sin(2*x)}^(-2) - (1/2)*Loge{|sin(2*x)|} + C =

= (-1/4)*{csc(2*x)}^2 - (1/4)*Loge{{sin(2*x)}^2} + C


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[Data]

Here's the solution using my substitution:

Note that u = \csc(2x) and thus du = -2\csc(2x)\cot(2x)dx

\int \cot^3(2x) \ dx = \int (\csc^2(2x) - 1)\cot(2x) \ dx
= \frac{-1}{2}\int \frac{u^2 - 1}{u} \ du = \frac{-1}{2}\left( \frac{u^2}{2} - \ln{|u|} \right) + C

= \frac{1}{4}\ln \left(\csc^2(2x)\right) - \frac{1}{4}\csc^2(2x) + C

 

[EasyStyle4747]

wow, 2 different solutions! thanks a lot guys, this helps a lot.

 

[xanthym]

Here's the solution using my substitution:

Note that u = \csc(2x) and thus du = -2\csc(2x)\cot(2x)dx

\int \cot^3(2x) \ dx = \int (\csc^2(2x) - 1)\cot(2x) \ dx
= \frac{-1}{2}\int \frac{u^2 - 1}{u} \ du = \frac{-1}{2}\left( \frac{u^2}{2} - \ln{|u|} \right)

= \frac{1}{4}\ln \left(\csc^2(2x)\right) - \frac{1}{4}\csc^2(2x)

The 2 solutions presented in this thread are equivalent in final results. Note that:
csc^2() = sin^(-2)()
::: ⇒ Loge{csc^2()} = (-1)*Loge{sin^2()}

Thus, we have:

:(1): \ \ \ \ \frac{1}{4}\ln \left(\csc^2(2x)\right) \ - \ \frac{1}{4}\csc^2(2x) \ + \ C \ \ = \ \ \frac{-1}{4}\csc^2(2x) \ + \ \color{red} (-1)*\color{black}\frac{1}{4}\ln \left(sin^2(2x)\right) \ + \ C

which is equivalent to that presented in the EASY ( ) solution in msg #3 involving only sin() & cos() functions, identities, & derivatives (except for the very last equation)!


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[Data]

There's no error. I just squared the csc inside the logarithm and as a result pulled out an extra \frac{1}{2}. Doing it that way gets rid of the absolute value signs for one thing. Note that in your original solution the argument to \ln was \sin{2x}, not \sin^2{2x}

 

[xanthym]

There's no error. I just squared the csc inside the logarithm and as a result pulled out an extra \frac{1}{2}. Doing it that way gets rid of the absolute value signs for one thing. Note that in your original solution the argument to \ln was \sin{2x}, not \sin^2{2x}

Indeed, there was no error. And the squared Loge argument is a good idea. After adjusting orig msgs, both solutions are now equiv in final result.


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[Data]

Well, we actually did both make a mistake. Pesky constants of integration