How Does the Four Color Theorem Apply to Maps with Disconnected Regions?

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SUMMARY

The Four Color Theorem, which states that four colors are sufficient to color any map such that no adjacent regions share the same color, does not apply to maps with disconnected regions. In scenarios where countries are not contiguous, such as those illustrated in the referenced book, it is possible to require more than four colors; in some cases, five colors may be necessary. The theorem's limitations become evident when considering arrangements of countries as separate entities, leading to the conclusion that the number of colors needed can increase with the number of disconnected regions.

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Basically, what they mean is that the four color theorem only applies to maps that have all "countries" in one piece. If you allow disconnected countries, then you may need more than 4 colors, and the map given in that book is an example where you would need 5.
 
I imagine there is no limit if you allow disconnected countries.

Let n be a natural number. Simple arrange all the n countries as "slices of pie" into circles in all the various combinations and orders. Then we will need n different colours to colour the map.
 

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