How does the jetstream of particles manage to escape from the blackhole?

[mdmaaz]

There is a jetstream of particles (mostly electrons and photons) coming out of the black hole. But nothing escapes from a black hole because its gravity is so strong. So how do these particles come flying out of a black hole?

 

[Nik_2213]

They're coming out of the hot-zone of accretion disk, not the event horizon...

 

[phinds]

They're coming out of the hot-zone of accretion disk, not the event horizon...

Correct, and to expand it just so it's clear, they are not coming out of the black hole at all, they are being created outside the event horizon by the effects of the black hole.

 

[Discord7]

They're coming out of the hot-zone of accretion disk, not the event horizon...

Am very sure you are correct about the accretion disk as the pathway for those electrons. But what is a hot-zone?

 

[Nik_2213]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_disc

"As matter spirals into a black hole, the intense gravitational gradient gives rise to intense frictional heating; the accretion disc of a black hole is hot enough to emit X-rays just outside of the event horizon."

 

[Discord7]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_disc

"As matter spirals into a black hole, the intense gravitational gradient gives rise to intense frictional heating; the accretion disc of a black hole is hot enough to emit X-rays just outside of the event horizon."

The frictional heating represents additional kinetic energy converted to heat. That just tops off the increased temperature cited in your source that is due to adiabatic effects of compression upon heat that rides in with the matter.

However, rather than such consequential radiation, the polar jets represent beams of electrons ejected far off into space.

 

[Lost in Space]

What I find puzzling is how they can emanate from the gravitational field of a black hole which still extends beyond the event horizon, unless of course it's a lot weaker at the poles.

 

[Discord7]

There is a jetstream of particles (mostly electrons and photons) coming out of the black hole. But nothing escapes from a black hole because its gravity is so strong. So how do these particles come flying out of a black hole?

It reasonable to say that photons never make it out of the event horizon. Let's go ahead and say that. What will get me into trouble here is my supposition that electrons can stray into or out of an event horizon as long as they have not hit the singularity. I think that a copious supply of electrons descend to the rotational axis of the accretion disk for such a black hole. The black hole imposes great gravitational pull onto such electrons on either side. Also, that black hole has already swallowed so many electrons that its repulsion for them is at or near nullification of gravitational attraction for the electrons. When pull equals push, electrons become indifferent to the black hole. As the black hole takes on more weight from neutrally charged matter we can expect it to take on a few more electrons as though they were after-dinner mints. Between such "meals", electrons descending onto the most central portion of the rotational axis should be in position to reverse motion for electrons further out along the rotational axis even if within the event horizon as defined for any alternate material.

One more word back there and my posting would fly in the face of conventional wisdom, so I will change the subject a little bit: As electrons do pass into the singularity of a black hole, magnetic lines of force would indeed encircle their path. However, those electrons coming in from one side would necessarily be traveling in the opposite direction from the direction taken by those approaching from the other. As a consequence, equivalent electron flow from either side would cancel out magnetic field generation.

 

[FtlIsAwesome]

What I find puzzling is how they can emanate from the gravitational field of a black hole which still extends beyond the event horizon, unless of course it's a lot weaker at the poles.

Yes, gravity does extend past the event horizon. The event horizon is where escape velocity reaches lightspeed. Thus if something is near the horizon, but moving at a relativistic speed, it can get away. Photons, of course, can easily get away, if pointed in the right direction.

 

[Tplayer]

You see these animated movies of black holes ripping star apart like it was nothing but assuming the black hole is average size how far in terms of miles would an averaged sized sun have to get for this to happen. And what would happen to the planets assuming there were any particularly the big gassy ones far outside the event horizons pull. Without a sun to rotate around would they simply just drift off into space?

 

[stevebd1]

What I find puzzling is how they can emanate from the gravitational field of a black hole which still extends beyond the event horizon, unless of course it's a lot weaker at the poles.

For rotating objects, gravitational attraction is stronger at the equator than the poles as stated in this JPL article- http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/FAQSaturn/#q14 . This is taken to an extreme for rotating black holes.

 

[CJames]

There is a jetstream of particles (mostly electrons and photons) coming out of the black hole. But nothing escapes from a black hole because its gravity is so strong. So how do these particles come flying out of a black hole?

As other's have said, the electrons are not coming from inside the black hole, but from the accretion disk that surrounds it.

When charged particles move in a circle they create a linear magnetic field. The charged particles near the black hole are moving in a circle very rapidly, which means they are generating a very powerful magnetic field. The electrons are getting caught by this extremely powerful magnetic field, which jettisons the electrons at high energies.

 

[Drakkith]

You see these animated movies of black holes ripping star apart like it was nothing but assuming the black hole is average size how far in terms of miles would an averaged sized sun have to get for this to happen. And what would happen to the planets assuming there were any particularly the big gassy ones far outside the event horizons pull. Without a sun to rotate around would they simply just drift off into space?

A black hole is NO different than any other object with mass until you get close to the event horizon. If we compressed the Sun into a black hole there would be no change in any of the orbits in the solar system, as the gravitational pull has not changed at those distances. The difference is that it is compressed. If you go 50% of the way into the sun, you have gravity pulling from everywhere around you since matter is all around you. If you get the same distance from the center of a black hole, all of that matter that would have been surrounding you is now compressed into a single point and the total gravitational pull is added together and pulling you in that direction instead of in different directions.

Also, the event horizon is NOT a physical thing. It is simply a point in space that the gravitational pull of the black hole becomes strong enough to overcome light.

I cannot give you an answer in miles for your original question, as that entirely depends upon the mass of the black hole and the star.