How to derive the velocity addition formula

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the velocity addition formula, v = (v' + u) / (1 + v'u/c²), using specific equations related to time dilation and length contraction in special relativity. Key equations referenced include vt1 = L + ut1, ct2 = L - ut2, and the relationship between proper time and dilated time. The user attempts to manipulate these equations to isolate variables but encounters algebraic challenges, particularly in eliminating L and proper length. The conversation highlights the complexities of applying special relativity principles to derive the formula accurately.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of special relativity concepts, including time dilation and length contraction.
  • Familiarity with algebraic manipulation and solving equations.
  • Knowledge of the significance of proper time and proper length in relativity.
  • Experience with the Lorentz transformation equations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Lorentz transformation equations in detail.
  • Learn about the implications of time dilation and length contraction in practical scenarios.
  • Practice algebraic manipulation techniques to solve complex equations in physics.
  • Explore examples of velocity addition in different inertial frames of reference.
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, particularly those studying special relativity, as well as educators and anyone interested in understanding the mathematical foundations of the velocity addition formula.

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Homework Statement


Derive the formula v= (v'+u)/(1+v'u/c^2) the velcoty addition formula using the below formulas?


Homework Equations


1. vt1=L+ut1
2. (proper time)=(proper length)/v'+(proper length)/c
3. ct2=L-ut2
4. (dilated time)= (proper time)/(sqrt(1-v^2/c^2))
5. L=(proper length)sqrt(1-v^2/c^2)


The Attempt at a Solution


Ok so here is what I did I solved equation 1 above for t1 and got t1=(L+ut1)/v and equation 3 for t2 and got t2=(L-ut2)/c. I then added them together to get (dilated time or delta t)=(L+ut1)/v+(L-ut2)/c. Then I used equation 4 to get ((L+ut1)/v+(L-ut2)/c)sqrt(1-v^2/c^2)=(proper time). Then I set that equal ti equation 2 ((L+ut1)/v+(L-ut2)/c)sqrt(1-v^2/c^2)= (proper length)/v'+(proper length)/c. Then (proper length)=L/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2) and this is where I get lost in my algebra I can't seem to get rid of L and (proper length) in order to find the correct formula?
 
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whoops I think I caught some of my errors when I solved for t1 and t2 I forgot the other side?
 
ok after reworking a bit I am still lost but 1 step closer I think. (Proper length)/v'+(proper length)/c=sqrt(1-v^2/c^2)(L/(c+u)+L/(v-u)) I have then tried using the length contraction on this but it gets very complicated uggg.
 
Is it too confusing, should I resubmit
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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