If y is not a function of x, dy/dx makes no sense at all! (Except for dy/dx= 0.)
The notation f(x,y)= ex+y implies that x and y are independent variables. Without further information, you can find [itex]\partial f/\partial x[/itex] or [itex]\partial f/\partial y[/itex] but not dy/dx.
If, for example, you know that f(x,y)= ex+y= constant, then you can use "implicit differentiation": (1+ dy/dx)ex+y= 0 and determine that dy/dx= -1.