Undergrad How to work in the |F,m_F> states in hyperfine structure

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the treatment of hyperfine structure in two-atom systems, specifically regarding the singlet (S=0) and triplet (S=1) states of electrons and the implications of nuclear spin alignment. The user questions whether to maintain parallel nuclear spins when expressing the states, referencing the relationship F=S+I to derive the state |1,1>. The conversation highlights the discrepancy between the expected 16 states in the uncoupled basis and the 8 eigenvalues of the hyperfine Hamiltonian, suggesting that the author assumes parallel proton spins for simplification.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics, particularly spin states
  • Familiarity with hyperfine structure and Hamiltonians
  • Knowledge of coupled and uncoupled basis states
  • Experience with quantum state notation and calculations
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  • Study the derivation of hyperfine Hamiltonians in two-electron systems
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  • Explore the implications of nuclear spin alignment on quantum states
  • Investigate the mathematical treatment of coupled vs. uncoupled basis states
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Quantum physicists, chemists studying molecular interactions, and researchers working on hyperfine structure and radical pair mechanisms will benefit from this discussion.

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A little confused about the notation in the coupled and uncoupled basis
Suppose that we have two atoms with one proton one electron each, and these electrons interact with each other. The states for the electrons are the singlet(S=0) and the triplet states(S=1). My question is if i have to keep the nuclear spin of the protons parallel when i write the states, for example $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|+-\rangle-|-+\rangle)_e\otimes|\Uparrow\rangle_p$$
for the singlet state, and if so, can i use the fact that F=S+I, which in this case whould yield the state |1,1?> ?(S=0,I=1/2+1/2=1,ms=0,mI=1)
 
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If you have two protons, then you also have to write the spin state of the protons in term of singlet and triplet states.
 
DrClaude said:
If you have two protons, then you also have to write the spin state of the protons in term of singlet and triplet states.
Thank you for your answer. I thought of that as well, but that would lead to having 16 states in the uncoupled basis, and in the coupled basis we would have $$|2,M_F\rangle \ \ \ , \ \ \ |1,M_F\rangle \ \ \ , \ \ \ |0,0\rangle$$ which yields a 9X9 matrix. The problem with that is that the author of the paper that i am reading (it's on the radical pair mechanism) states that there are 8 eigenvalues of the hyperfine hamiltonian, meaning an 8X8 matrix, so i suppose that he always takes the proton spins to be parallel (either both spins up or both down).
 
Can you give the reference?
 

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