I don't understand what is the meaning of phase? (phase space, phase point, etc)

[TimeRip496]

There is phase space, phase point, etc. So what is the exact meaning of phase? I only understand the definition of phase in wave. Beside what is canonical coordinate? What does this canonical mean?

 

[Nugatory]

You might want to google for "phase space" and "canonical coordinate", see what you find. That way you'll be able to ask more focused questions and we'll be able to give you better answers.