How Does Capacitor and Resistor Parallel Impedance Vary with Frequency?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the impedance behavior of capacitors and resistors in parallel and series configurations as frequency varies. The impedance of a capacitor is defined as 1/(jωC), which allows higher frequency signals to pass more easily. The equivalent impedance for a parallel configuration is derived as Z_eq = RωC/(R + jωC), leading to a magnitude of |Z_eq| = RωC/√(R² + (ωC)²). This indicates that the impedance decreases with increasing frequency, confirming the expected behavior in audio circuits.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex impedance and phasor analysis
  • Familiarity with the concepts of reactance and resistance
  • Knowledge of audio circuit design principles
  • Proficiency in using mathematical expressions involving frequency (ω)
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of impedance in parallel and series circuits
  • Learn about high-pass filter design using capacitors and resistors
  • Explore the effects of frequency on circuit behavior in audio applications
  • Investigate the use of simulation tools for analyzing circuit impedance
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, audio circuit designers, and students studying circuit theory will benefit from this discussion, particularly those focusing on frequency response and impedance analysis in circuits.

flash
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I know the impedance of a capacitor is,

<br /> \frac {1}{j \omega C}<br />

so in an audio circuit it let's more high frequency energy through, which is obvious looking at the equation. When a capacitor is in parallel with a fixed resistor, I worked out the magnitude of the impedance of the pair to be

<br /> \frac{R \omega C}{\sqrt{R^2 + (\omega C)^2}}<br />

and this pair should still have lower impedance at higher frequencies, right?
So my question is, how does this expression reflect this? I just can't see it.
 
Last edited:
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flash said:
I know the impedance of a capacitor is,

<br /> \frac {1}{j \omega C}<br />

so in an audio circuit it let's more high frequency energy through, which is obvious looking at the equation. When a capacitor is in series with a fixed resistor, I worked out the magnitude of the impedance of the pair to be

<br /> \frac{R \omega C}{\sqrt{R^2 + (\omega C)^2}}<br />

and this pair should still have lower impedance at higher frequencies, right?
So my question is, how does this expression reflect this? I just can't see it.

first caps and inductors have reactance, the resistance plus reactance is the impedance of the circuit. just correcting a nomenclature mistake.

second i have no idea how you got that for the total impedance of the circuit

<br /> V=I|Z|

<br /> |Z|= \sqrt{R^2 + (\chi _c)^2}}
<br /> |Z|= \sqrt{R^2 + (\frac{1}{j \omega C})^2}}<br />

as you see with omega in the denominator as freq goes down impedance goes to infinity
 
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ice109 said:
second i have no idea how you got that for the total impedance of the circuit
ahhh i meant parallel, sorry

I got it like this:
<br /> \frac {1}{Z_eq} = \frac {1}{R} + \frac {1}{j \omega C}<br />

<br /> Z_eq = \frac {R \omega C}{R + j \omega C}<br />

<br /> |Z_eq| = \frac {R \omega C}{\sqrt{R^2 + ( \omega C )^2}}<br />

Thanks for your help with this.

edit: should the second term in the first equation be jwC, not 1 on? could be my problem :confused:
 
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flash said:
ahhh i meant parallel, sorry

I got it like this:
<br /> \frac {1}{Z_eq} = \frac {1}{R} + \frac {1}{j \omega C}<br />

<br /> Z_eq = \frac {R \omega C}{R + j \omega C}<br />

<br /> |Z_eq| = \frac {R \omega C}{\sqrt{R^2 + ( \omega C )^2}}<br />

Thanks for your help with this.

edit: should the second term in the first equation be jwC, not 1 on? could be my problem :confused:
a high pass filter is a cap and a resistor in series though
 
The circuit I'm working on has a number of capacitors that can be switched in parallel with a resistor to give different frequency response depending on which one you select.

I reworked the above as:
<br /> \frac {1}{z_{eq}} = \frac {1}{R} + j \omega C<br />

which gives
<br /> |z_{eq}| = \frac {R}{\sqrt{1 + ( \omega CR)^2}}<br />
 
Last edited:

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