Infinite series that converges to pi

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SUMMARY

The infinite series defined as 4∑(√(n² - i²)/n²) for i = 1 to n as n approaches infinity converges to π. This series can be interpreted as a Riemann sum of the function f(x) = √(1 - x²) over the interval [0, 1], which geometrically represents the area of a quarter unit circle. The discussion highlights the uniqueness of this series and its connection to other known series that converge to π, such as those found on Wikipedia and MathWorld.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of infinite series and convergence
  • Familiarity with Riemann sums
  • Basic knowledge of calculus and functions
  • Concept of geometric interpretation of integrals
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of Riemann sums and their applications in calculus
  • Explore other series that converge to π, such as the Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe formula
  • Study the geometric interpretation of integrals, particularly in relation to circular areas
  • Learn about the convergence tests for infinite series
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, calculus students, and anyone interested in the mathematical properties of π and infinite series convergence.

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I stumbled upon this infinite series that converges to \pi:

4\sum\frac{\sqrt{n^2-i^2}}{n^2} for i = 1:n as n{\rightarrow∞}

I haven't been able to find any similar series online and I'm really curious how to prove this does indeed converge to \pi. Any insight would be greatly appreciated.
 
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This series appear if you try to compute the area of a quarter unit circle, by approximating with n rectangles in the obvious way (one side being 1/n).

EQuivalently, your sum is a Riemann sum of f(x)=√(1-x2) in the interval [0,1].
 

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